نوع مقاله : مقالات
نویسندگان
دانشگاه تهران
چکیده
پنج‌هزار گونه اقلیت در سراسر جهان زندگی می‌کنند. نگاهی به نقشه پراکندگی این اقلیت‌ها به خوبی نشان می‌دهد که آن‌ها در مناطق بحران‌خیز جهان جا گرفته‌اند. یکی از جدی‌ترین و جدیدترین رویدادهایی که حول موضوع اقلیت‌ها در حقوق بین‌الملل شکل گرفته است، خواست «جدایی یکجانبه» از جانب آن‌هاست؛ یعنی جدایی که با رضایت دولت مادر همراه نیست. جدایی کوزوو از صربستان، درخواست جدایی اقلیم کردستان از عراق و درخواست جدایی کاتالونیا از اسپانیا از جمله نمونه‌های آشکار این وقایع به شمار می‌روند. موضع حقوق بین‌الملل درباره این جدایی‌ها چیست؟ آیا این جدایی‌ها مشروع هستند؟ نظریه «جدایی چاره‌ساز» از جمله نظریه‌هایی است که تلاش کرده تا به این پرسش‌ها پاسخ بدهد. بنا به این نظریه، آن‌جا که پایان بخشیدن به نقض فاحش حقوق بشر جز با جدایی بخشی از سرزمین دولت مادر حاصل نمی‌آید، ناگزیر باید حق بر جدایی را به رسمیت شناخت. این نوشتار تلاش می‌کند بدون آن که به مشروعیت جدایی یکجانبه بپردازد، صحت و اعتبار نظریه جدایی چاره‌ساز را از منظر حقوق بین‌الملل مورد سنجش قرار دهد. به نظر می‌رسد این نظریه با اصول حقوق بین‌الملل سازگار نیست.
کلیدواژه‌ها
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peaceful and constructive solution of problems involving minorities (Report).
Geneva: United Nations.
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Persian).
Frank, T. M. (1993). Postmodern tribalism and the right to secession. in
Brölmann,C., Peoples and Minority in International law. Dordrecht: Martinus
Nijhoff.
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remedial secession as a rule of customary International Law. International
Law Review, 51, 97-124. (in Persian)
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congress v. Zaire, African commission on human and peoples' rights, Comm.
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http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/africa/comcases/75-92.html
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http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/141/15632.pdf
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2009). Retrieved from:
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Law Quarterly, 56, 83-118.
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determination in the Kosovo matter: In partial response to the agora papers,
Chinese Journal of International Law, 8, 573-587.
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