تحول گفتمان ‌اسلام‌گرایی و تاثیر آن بر صنعت گردشگری در ترکیه : مطالعه موردی حزب عدالت و توسعه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

سید جواد صالحی ^{1 ¶}

محمد رضا مهدوی عادلی ²

¹ دانشیار روابط بین الملل دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

² دانشجوی دکتری علوم سیاسی -گرایش اندیشه سیاسی پردیس بین الملل دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران.

10.22067/irlip.2026.91323.1605

چکیده

صنعت گردشگری در حال حاضر یکی از بخش‌های کلیدی و تاثیر گذار در جهان محسوب می‌شود؛ زیرا به رشد اقتصادی و اشتغال کمک می‌نماید. منطقه‌ی خاورمیانه در موقعیت استراتژیک و ژئوپلیتیکی قرار دارد که آن را به مرکز ثقل سیاست‌بین‌الملل تبدیل کرده است. گردشکری یکی از مهمترین بخش‌ها در نظام اقتصادی‌خاورمیانه و شمال‌آفریقا محسوب می‌شود. در بین کشورهای خاورمیانه، ترکیه سال‌های متمادی است که طبق بررسی‌های سازمان‌جهانی‌گردشگری،یکی از مهم‌ترین و شاخص‌ترین مقاصد گردشگری در خاورمیانه و شمال افریقا می‌باشد. بخش گردشگری در ترکیه یکی از توسعه یافته‌ترین بخش‌ها در بین کشورهای منطقه ‌می‌باشد.این مقاله در تلاش است به سئوال مهم تاثیر تحول گفتمان ‌اسلام‌گرایی بر صنعت گردشگری در ترکیه با تمرکز بر حزب عدالت و توسعه پاسخ دهد. مدعای پژوهش حاضر این است که تحول گفتمانی ‌اسلام‌گرایی در دوران حزب عدالت توسعه در جهت یک گفتمان هیبریدی، بستر را برای ارتقای صنعت گردشگری در این کشور فراهم ساخته است. این پژوهش جهت بررسی ادعای خود از حیث نظری و روشی بر گفتمان لاکلا و موف متکی است. نتایج پژوهش نیز نشان ‌می‌دهید که با روی کارآمد حزب عدالت و توسعه در ترکیه و تحول گفتمان ‌اسلام‌گرایی به یک گفتمان هیبریدی منجر به تحولات زیادی از حیث قانونی، نهادی و هنجاری و ارزشی در صنعت گردشگری شد و این خود بستر را برای ارتقای صنعت گردشگری در این دوران فراهم ساخته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

اسلام سیاسی

گردشگری

حزب عدالت و توسعه

نظریه گفتمان

ترکیه

---

مراجع

1. Akhavan Kazemi, B. (2012). Critique and evaluation of Laclau and Mouffe's discourse analysis and its application in politics. Politics Quarterly, 42(4), 1–20[in Persian].
2. Al-Roubaie, A. (2019). Tourism in Turkey: A socio-economic assessment. Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management, 7(3), 89–100.
3. Alptekin, H. (2012). Ethnic incorporation policies and peripheral reactions: How Turkey’s Kurds are treated by the state and how they perceive their treatment. Afro Eurasian Studies, 1(2).
4. Amidi, A., & Khairi, M. (2018). Analysis of the discourse of Islamism in Turkey and its impact on Ankara's foreign policy: A case study of relations between Turkey and the Zionist regime in the years 2002 to 2015. Quarterly Journal of Politics, 45(4), 1–25. [in Persian].
5. Aykaç, B., & Durgun, Ş. (2018). The changing political discourse of the Islamist movement in Turkey. Arab Studies Quarterly, 40(2).
6. Barykin, S. E. (2021). Tourism industry: Digital transformation. In Handbook of research on future opportunities for technology management education (pp. 414–434). IGI Global.
7. Bermek, S. (2019). The rise of hybrid political Islam in Turkey: Origins and consolidation of the JDP. Palgrave Macmillan.
8. Betts, B. S. H. (2016). The role of tourism in the development of Sierra Leone. American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences, 26(4), 205–224.
9. Bölükbaşı, M. (2021). A reassessment of the Turkish party system. Journal of Political Sciences, 30(2), 277–289.
10. Cizre-Sakallioglu, Ü., & Cinar, M. (2003). Turkey 2002: Kemalism, Islamism, and politics in the light. The South Atlantic Quarterly, 102(2–3), 309–332.
11. Calabrò, A. (2017). Neo-Pan-Islamism in Turkey: Foreign policy discourse of Turkey’s Islamist thinkers and parties (1970s–1990s) [Doctoral dissertation, LUISS Guido Carli University].
12. Daam, J., et al. (2020). Tourism and the emergence of nation-states in the Arab Eastern Mediterranean, 1920s–1930s. Leiden University.
13. Dabirimehr, A., & Tabatabai Fatmi, M. (2014). Laclau and Mouffe’s theory of discourse. Journal of Novel Applied Sciences, 3(11), 1283–1287.
14. Dalay, G. (2013). The AK Party and the evolution of Turkish political Islam’s foreign policy. Insight Turkey, 15(2).
15. Daneshfar, B., & Pourhassan, N. (2021). Resistance as a discourse and the second phase of the Islamic Revolution. Journal of Contemporary Research on Islamic Revolution, 3(8), 71–92[in Persian].
16. Davoudi, A. (2009). Discourse theory and political science. Quarterly Journal of Political Studies, 8(2), 51–74[in Persian].
17. Duman, T. (2012). The value of Islamic tourism: Perspectives from the Turkish experience. Islam and Civilisational Renewal, 3(4).
18. Egresi, I. (2016). Alternative tourism in Turkey: International role, potential development and sustainability. Journal of Social Science, 6(7), 815–827.
19. Ghahraman, K., et al. (2019). The competition of political Islam and secularism during the Turkish Republic with emphasis on the period of the Justice and Development Party (1990–2016). Quarterly Journal of Political and International Research, 12(42), 28–34[in Persian].
20. Ghalsemi, J., et al. (2010). The return of authoritarianism in Turkey (1990–2016). Quarterly Journal of World Politics, 10(2) [in Persian].
21. Haghighat, S. (2008). Methodology of political science. Qom: Mofid. [in Persian].
22. Hejazi, N., & Bahrami, V. (2019). Application of Laclau and Mouffe's discourse analysis method in political science. Methodology of Humanities, 25(99), 1–18. [in Persian].
23. Hendrich, B. (2014). Muslims and capitalism: An uneasy relationship. In Kultur, Recht und Politik in Muslimischen Gesellschaften. Ergon Verlag.
24. Hosseinizadeh, M. (2004). Discourse theory and political analysis. Quarterly Journal of Political Science, (28), 181–213[in Persian].
25. Imam Jumezadeh, S., et al. (2013). The transformation of identity discourse in Turkey from Kemalism to Islamism with emphasis on the Justice and Development Party. Quarterly Journal of Scientific Research – Islamic World Studies, 1(3), 100–126[in Persian].
26. Imamoglu, U. C. D. (2023). Turkish Historical Society and Turkish nation building (1931–1938) [Doctoral dissertation, Middle East Technical University, Department of History].
27. İkiz, A. S. (2022). Tourism in Turkey: A comprehensive overview and analysis for sustainable alternative tourism. Apple Academic Press.
28. Icoz, O. C. (2017). Social structure of accumulation in Turkey (1963–2015) [Doctoral dissertation, University of Massachusetts Amherst].
29. Islam, M. N. (2021). Toward Islam through political parties, ideology, and democracy: A discourse analysis on Turkey’s AK Party, Tunisian Ennahda, and Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami. Jadavpur Journal of International Relations, 25(1).
30. Jalalpour, S., & Shojaeifar, J. (2014). The tourism industry and international relations. World Journal of Environmental Biosciences, 6(Supplementary), 68–72.
31. Jorgensen, M., & Phillips, L. (2010). Theory and method in discourse analysis (H. Jalili, Trans.). Tehran: Ney Publications[in Persian].
32. Kakaei, S. (2022). Election 2023: The transformation of political discourse. International Media Research, 7(2), 40–60[in Persian].
33. Kantarci, K. (2015). The effect of Turkish TV series on inbound tourism of Turkey: A case of Saudi Arabia and Bulgaria. International Scientific Conference, Faculty of Economics, University of Niš.
34. Kaya, A. (2012). Management of ethno-cultural diversity in Turkey: Europeanization of domestic politics and new challenges. Afro Eurasian Studies, 1(2).
35. Keskin, A., & Cansız, H. (2010). Tourism, Turkey and economic development. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 24(4).
36. Kesraei, M., & Shirazi, A. (2009). Laclau and Mouffe's discourse theory: An effective tool in understanding and explaining political phenomena. Quarterly Journal of Politics, 39(3), 339–360[in Persian].
37. Kirdi, E. (2021). Islamic populism in Turkey. Religions, 12, 752.
38. Khorramshad, M., & Jamali, J. (2018). The political matter, formation and hegemonicization of the revolutionary discourse of political Islam in Iran. Quarterly Journal of Islamic Revolution Research, 7(27), 20–40[in Persian].
39. Ladki, S., et al. (2020). The rise of a new tourism dawn in the Middle East. Journal of Service Science and Management, 637–648.
40. Manouchehri, A. (2013). Approach and method in political science. Tehran: SAMT. [in Persian].
41. Moosaghi, A., & Norouzi Nejad, J. (2016). The other side in Turkish political culture and the predominance of moderate Islamism. Politics Quarterly, 46(3). [in Persian].
42. Nouri, T., & Falahat Pisheh, R. M. (2018). The trend of Islamism in Turkey and the future of political Islam. Quarterly Scientific-Research Journal of the Islamic Revolution Approach, 11(40), 11–33[in Persian].
43. Okuyucu, A. G. (2013). Tourism development in Turkey: Development process, challenges and patterns. International Journal of Social Science, 6(7), 815–827.
44. Onur, P. (2016). Changing discourse on women and Islam in Turkey in ethnographic studies [Master’s thesis, Middle East Technical University].
45. Pirouzfar, M., & Khajeh Sarvi, G. (2018). Islamic discourses in modern Turkey. Quarterly Journal of Strategic Studies of Basij, 20(87), 10–25. [in Persian].
46. Shiroudi, M., & Norouzi Firouz, R. (2013). Politics in liberal Islam: A study and criticism of political thoughts in the discourse of moderate Islam. Quarterly Journal of Scientific Research – Islamic World Studies, 1(3). [in Persian].
47. Stewart, S., Warburton, F., & Smith, J. D. (2014). Features of the travel and tourism industry. Cambridge International AS and A Level Travel and Tourism Coursebook.
48. Syed Ahamed, S., & Kumar, M. (2019). A bibliometric analysis of halal and Islamic tourism. International Hospitality Review. https://www.emerald.com/insight/2516-8142.htm
49. Timothy, D. J. (2019). Tourism trends in the MENA region. In Strategic sectors: Culture & society. IEMed Mediterranean Yearbook.
50. United States Commission on International Religious Freedom. (2020). Turkey: Recommended for special watch list.
51. Yavuz, M. H., & Ozturk, A. E. (2020). Guest editors’ introduction: Islamism, identity and memory—Turkey under Erdoğan. Middle East Critique, 29(3), 237–243.
52. Yesevi, Ç. G. (2012). Turkish political parties and Turkish nationalism. International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanity Studies, 4(1).
53. Yessilov, A. B. (2023). Historical forms of gradual transnationalisation of tourism and the perpetual motion machine behind it. RIVAR, 10(29), 25–37.