انعطاف‌پذیری الزام راهبردی سیاست خارجی بازیگران در سیستم پیچیده بین‌الملل

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار روابط بین‌الملل دانشگاه اردکان

چکیده
با پیچیده شدن سیستم بین‌الملل، اصول راهبردی سیاست خارجی بازیگران دستخوش تغییرات اساسی گردید. یکی از اصول سیستم‌های پیچیده، درجات آزادی عناصر سیستمی می‌باشد. این اصل منجر به پیدایش چالش بین ثبات و تغییر به عنوان یکی از پارادوکس‌های اساسی سیستمی و واقعیت‌های بین‌المللی شده است. ثبات، بازیگران را به سمت راهبردهای مبتنی بر کنترل و تغییر، بازیگران را به سمت راهبردهای مبتنی بر خودساماندهی می‌کشاند. مدیریت کلاسیک با تمرکز بر کنترل مسائل سعی در حذف، تغییر یا اصلاح علت وقوع پدیده‌ها و کنترل مسائل و حفظ دوام سیستم داشت. بنابراین در سیستم‌های کلاسیک، راهبردها با درجات کنترل بر پدیده‌ها ترسیم می‌گردیدند. با پیچیده شدن سیستم بین‌الملل، احتمال کنترل پدیده‌ها به دلیل عدم تشخیص علت وقوع پدیده‌ها، غیرخطی بودن مسائل، عدم امکان جدایی بین مسائل، تداخل فرایندهای سیستمی و ناشی شدن پدیده‌ها از مسائل به ظاهر بی‌ارتباط، بسیار سخت و ناممکن گردیده است. در اینجا این سوال طرح می‌شود که الزام راهبردی بازیگران به منظور دستیابی به اهداف و منافع و حفظ پایداری و دوام در شرایط پیدایش واقعیت‌های نوظهور در سیستم پیچیده بین‌الملل چیست؟ در پاسخ به سوال پژوهش این فرضیه طرح می‌شود که مدیریت پیچیده با تمرکز بر خودساماندهی، اصل انعطاف‌پذیری راهبردی را بر راهبردهای بازیگران در سیستم پیچیده بین‌الملل تحمیل می‌کند. یافته‌های پژوهش با رویکرد توصیفی- تحلیلی و روش پژوهش کیفی بیان‌گر این می‌باشد که انعطاف‌پذیری راهبردی نقش حیاتی در توسعه مستمر، ترکیب مجدد و استفاده تطبیقی از منابع موجود ایفاء می‌کند. این مسئله به سیستم اجازه می‌دهد تا محیط را پویش و در زمان مناسب به تغییرات و تهدیدات با شناسایی فرصت‌ها و نوآوری راهبردی پاسخ دهد.

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