نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشیار علوم سیاسی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران، نویسنده مسئول
2 استادیار گروه روابط بین‌الملل، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه جامی، هرات، افغانستان
چکیده
تحولات و دگرگونی‌های افغانستان در بازه‌های زمانی مختلف، به نحوی بر سیاست‌گذاری‌های راهبردی و امنیتی کشورهای منطقه تأثیر گذاشته است. این کشور به دلیل همجواری با «حیاط خلوت» روسیه، یعنی کشورهای آسیای مرکزی، از جایگاه ژئوپلیتیکی ویژه‌ای برای مسکو برخوردار است. روسیه در سند راهبردی امنیت ملی ۲۰۲۱، با نگاهی گسترده به مفهوم امنیت، تهدیدات ناشی از قلمرو افغانستان پس از به قدرت رسیدن امارت اسلامی در سال ۲۰۲۱ را به صورت غیرمستقیم مورد بررسی قرار داده است. بر این اساس، مقاله حاضر تلاش دارد به این پرسش پاسخ دهد که رویکرد امنیتی و ژئوپلیتیکی روسیه نسبت به امارت اسلامی، در چارچوب سند امنیت ملی ۲۰۲۱، چگونه تعریف شده است؟. فرضیه نویسندگان بر این استوار است که مسکو، در چارچوب این سند، به دنبال تعاملات امنیتی و ژئوپلیتیکی با بازیگران جدید در کابل می‌باشد. برای پاسخ به این پرسش و بررسی فرضیه، از روش تحقیقِ تحلیل محتوا استفاده شده و داده‌های اولیه از منابع کتابخانه‌ای و خبرگزاری‌های معتبر گردآوری شده است. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که رویکرد روسیه به امارت اسلامی در دو بُعد امنیتی و سیاسی طراحی شده است. در بُعد امنیتی، این رویکرد شامل سازوکارهای امنیتی با محوریت افغانستان، همکاری‌های نظامی و رزمایش‌ها، و حمایت از سیاست‌های ضد داعشی امارت اسلامی می‌باشد. در بُعد سیاسی نیز، روسیه در راستای مقابله با یک‌جانبه‌گرایی آمریکا، از مکانیسم‌هایی نظیر «الگوی فرمت مسکو» و «کمیته تماس منطقه‌ای» بهره می‌گیرد و تلاش می‌کند در نشست‌های سیاسی منطقه‌ای، همچون نشست دوحه، نفوذ بیشتری کسب کند.
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