جایگاه جنگ‌های نیابتی در راهبرد‌ امنیتی عربستان ‌سعودی در منطقه خاورمیانه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• محمد حارث مقیم ¹
• وحید سینایی ²
• سید احمد فاطمی نژاد ³
• فاطمه محروق ⁴

¹ دانشجوی دکتری علوم سیاسی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

² دانشیار گروه علوم سیاسی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، ایران (نویسنده مسئول)

³ دانشیار روابط بین‌الملل، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، ایران

⁴ استادیار روابط بین الملل، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، ایران.

https://doi.org/10.22067/irlip.2025.90715.1587

چکیده

راهبرد‌ امنیتی مجموعه‌ای از گفتار‌ها، رویکرد‌ها، تکنیک‌ها، نگرش‌ها، جهت‌گیری‌ها و اقدامات یک کشور در پیوند با سایر بازیگران منطقه‌ای و فرامنطقه‌ای است. راهبرد‌ امنیتی به عنوان بخش مهمی از سیاست ‌خارجی، تحت تأثیر عوامل متعددی از جمله رقابت‌های ایدئولوژیک، ژئوپلیتیک، حضور بازیگران منطقه‌ای، فرامنطقه‌ای وکنشگران نیابتی شکل می‌گیرد. این پژوهش با تمرکز بر عربستان سعودی به عنوان یکی از بازیگران اصلی منطقۀ خاورمیانه، در صدد شناخت جایگاه جنگ‌های‌ نیابتی در راهبرد‌ امنیتی عربستان سعودی در منطقۀ خاورمیانه است. به نظر می‌رسدکه عربستان سعودی با توسل به جنگ‌های نیابتی در صدد حفظ موازنه ‌قوا و کسب برتری منطقه‌ای در برابر ایران است. برای آزمون این فرضیه از چارچوب نظری واقع‌گرایی تهاجمی و روش تبیینی استفاده و داده‌های پژوهش از منابع کتابخانه‌ای و اسنادی گردآوری شده است. یافته‌های پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که جنگ‌های نیابتی نقش محوری در راهبرد‌ امنیتی ریاض داشته و این‌کشور با پشتیبانی از کنشگران نیابتی مانند احرارالشام، جبهه‌النصره و جیش‌الفتح تلاش نموده است تا موازنه قوا و برتری منطقه‌ای را به نفع خود تغییر دهد. عراق، سوریه و یمن نمونه‌هایی از کاربست این رویکرد بوده که در آنها ریاض به طور مستقیم و غیرمستقیم به جنگ‌های نیابتی متوسل شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• جنگ نیابتی
• عربستان سعودی
• راهبرد امنیتی
• خاورمیانه

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