ناتو و سیاست مهار چین در ایندو پاسیفیک

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه روابط بین الملل، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران

2 پژوهشگر پسا دکتری روابط بین الملل، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه خوارزمی تهران، نویسنده مسئول

چکیده
ظهور و قدرت­‌یابی چین در عرصة جهانی و منطقه‌­ا­ی منجر به حساسیت ایالات متحده و شرکای لیبرال آن با طرح ابتکارات امنیتی و اقتصادی برای مهار پکن شده است. ائتلاف کواد، ائتلاف اوکاس، راهبرد جداسازی و  محدود سازی چین به کمک شرکا از جمله این ابتکارات برای مهار چین است. در ادامه طرح‌­ها و ابتکارات آن‌ها، ناتو به‌­عنوان بازوی امنیتی-نظامی نیز تمرکز بر چین را افزایش داده و برنامه و اقداماتی را تدارک دیده که واکنش مقامات چین را در پی داشته و نشان از حضور مؤثرتر این بازیگر در ایندو پاسیفیک دارد. هدف این مقاله تبیین راهبرد ناتو برای مهار چین است و به روش تحلیلی-تبیینی به این پرسش پاسخ می­دهد که ناتو چگونه درصدد گسترش دامنه نفوذ خود در منطقة ایندو پاسیفیک برای مهار چین است؟ در پاسخ فرض بر این است که ناتو با تغییر مفهوم راهبرد و افزایش تمرکز بر چین به دنبال تقویت پیوند با شرکای لیبرال و زمینه­‌سازی اجماع بین آن‌ها برای مهار چین در ایندو پاسیفیک است. نتایج نشان می­دهد که اسناد ناتو و اعضای آن تمرکز بر روی منطقه ایندو پاسیفیک- به‌صورت ویژه چین- را افزایش داده‌­اند و قالب­‌های همکاری و اقدامات عملی با شرکای خود (ژاپن، کره ­جنوبی، هند، استرالیا و نیوزلند) در حال پیاده­‌سازی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


Australian Embassy. )2022(. Relations with NATO. Available at: https://belgium.embassy.gov.au/bsls/relnato.html,2022/08/21.
Bekkevold, J.L. (20240). Europe’s New Role in U.S. Strategy. Foreign Policy, Available at: https://foreignpolicy.com/2024/07/05/us-strategy-europe-china-nato-geopolitics, 2024/07/05.
Binnendijk, H & Hamilton, H. (2023). Implementing NATO’s Strategic Concept on China. Atlantic council, Available at: https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/in-depth-research-reports/report/implementing-natos-strategic-concept-on-china/, 2023/02/02.
Clegg, J. (2020). NATO, Europe, US & China. Asia Security, 15(1).‏
Cooper, Z. (2023). Focus versus format: An American view of South Korea's regional engagement. Asian Politics & Policy, 15(1), 37-47, https://doi.org/10.1111/aspp.12677.
Cotula, L. (2021). EU–China Comprehensive Agreement on Investment: An Appraisal of its Sustainable Development Section. Business and Human Rights Journal, 6.2 (2021): 360-367, https://doi.org/10.1017/bhj.2021.16.
Dassu, M. (2020).   How NATO should plan for the next ten years. European Council on Foreign Relations, Available at: https://ecfr.eu/article/how-nato-should-plan-for-the-next-ten-years/, 2020/ 12/14.
Depledge, D. (2021). NATO and the Arctic: the need for a new approach. The RUSI Journal, 165(5-6), 80-90., https://doi.org/10.1080/03071847.2020.1865831.
Dobell, G. (2022). NATO recognises global power shift to the Indo-Pacific. The Strategist, Available at: https://www.aspistrategist.org.au/nato-recognises-global-power-shift-to-the-indo-pacific/, 2022/07/11.
Elman, C., & Elman, M. F. (2003). Lessons from Lakatos.  In Progress in International Relations Theory: Appraising the Field. Belfer Center Studies In International Security.
European commission, (2022). EU-China: A stable global economy is a shared responsibility. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_22_4547, 2022/7/19.
Foy,H. (2022).  Russia and China Are Sharing Strategies to Undermine Nato, Says Top US Diplomat.  Financial Times, 2022/12/19.
Glišić, M., Đorđević, B., & Stojković, D. (2022). Emerging Multipolarity: A Deeper Understanding Of NATO-China Relations. Institute of International Politics and Economics; Faculty of Philosophy of the University of St. Cyril and Methodius.‏
Global Times. (2023). NATO throws ‘nuclear bait’ to South Korea. https://www.globaltimes.cn, Available at: https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202301/1284511.shtml,2023/01/31.
Grare, F. (2020). Germany’s New Approach to the Indo-Pacific. Endowment for International Peace, Available at: https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/10/15/germany-s-new-approach-to-indo-pacific-pub-82978, 2020/10/15.
Hong, C. (2023). China calls for vigilance as NATO extends reach. China dialy, Available at: https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202302/16/WS63ed843aa31057c47ebaf136.html, 2023/02/16.
Hughes, C. W., & Krauss, E. S. (2023). Japan's new security agenda. In Survival 49.2 (pp. 157-176). Routledge.
Iwanek, K. (2021). .How Can India Cooperate With NATO?. The diplomat, Available at: https://thediplomat.com/2021/06/how-can-india-cooperate-with-nato/, 2021/06/03.
Jianxue, L & Duo, L. (2022). NATO remains a cautious option for India. Global times, Available at: https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202207/1270241.shtml, 2022/07/11.
Keshvarian Azad, M, & Mirtorabi, S. (2023). The Biden administration and the policy of containing the rise of China's power in the Indo-Pacific. Foreign Policy Quarterly, 36(1), 27-54, (In Persian).
Keyue, X. (2023). NATO plans to take first step in Asia-Pacific by opening Tokyo office, undermining regional peace,. Global Tims, Available at: https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202305/1290130.shtml, 2023/05/04.
Krimi, S. (2022). NATO AND THE INDO-PACIFIC REGION. NATO Parlimentary assembly, Available at: https://www.nato-pa.int/document/2022-nato-and-indo-pacific-region-report-krimi-021-pcnp, 2022/04/29.
Legarda, H. (2022). China and Russia Bring NATO and the Indo-Pacific Together. Internationale politik quarterly, Available at: https://ip-quarterly.com/en/china-and-russia-bring-nato-and-indo-pacific-together, 2022/08/14.
Lobell, S. E. (2010). Structural realism/offensive and defensive realism. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of International Studies.
Marrone, A. (2011). The equilibrium of the 2010 NATO strategic concept. The International Spectator, 46(3), 93-111, https://doi.org/10.1080/03932729.2011.601122.
Mathieu D. (2019). Naval Bases: From Djibouti to a Global Network?. Institute Montaigne, Available at: https://www.institutmontaigne.org/documents/china-trends/China-trends-2-print-web.pdf, 2019/02/26.
Michito, T. (2022). NATO-Japan Cooperation: A New Opportunity for Building Bridges Between US Allies. www.nippon.com, Available at: https://www.nippon.com/en/in-depth/d00820/.
Mitchell, W. (2021). NATO: India’s next geopolitical destination. Hindustan times, Available at: https://www.hindustantimes.com/opinion/nato-india-s-next-geopolitical-destination-101616423938974-amp.html, 2021/03/23.
NATO, (2021b). »NATO Relations with Australia«, Available at: https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_48899.htm, 2021/08/25.
NATO. (2014). Individual Partnership and Cooperation Programme. Available at: https://www.nato.int/nato_static_fl2014/assets/pdf/pdf_2014_05/20140507_140507-IPCP_Japan.pdf, 2014/05/06.
NATO. (2021a). NATO 2030, North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Available at: https://www.nato.int/nato_static_fl2014/assets/pdf/2021/6/pdf/2106-factsheet-nato2030-en.pdf, 2021/06/30.
NATO. (2022a). Strategic Foresight Regional Perspectives Report on the Indo-Pacific. www.act.nato.int, Available at: https://www.act.nato.int/articles/strategic-foresight-regional-perspectives-report-indo-pacific, 2022/08/02.
NATO. (2022b). Relations with New Zealand. Available at: https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_52347.htm, 2022/05/23.
Odgaard, L. (2023). China Views NATO: Beijing’s Concerns About Transatlantic Cooperation in the Indo-Pacific. In Evaluating NATO Enlargement: From Cold War Victory to the Russia-Ukraine War (pp. 283-302). Cham: Springer International Publishing.‏
Okano-Heijmans, M. (2021). Netherlands and Indo-Pacific: Inclusive but Not Value-Neutral. Clingendael, Available at: https://www.clingendael.org/publication/netherlands-and-indo-pacific-inclusive-not-value-neutral, 2021/08/31.
Pape, R. A. (2005). Soft balancing against the United States. International security, 30(1), 7-45, https://doi.org/10.1162/0162288054894607.
Park, J & Dersimonian, A. (2024). The Folly of Interlinking NATO and US Asian Alliances., The Diplomat, Available at: https://thediplomat.com/2024/07/the-folly-of-interlinking-nato-and-u-s-asian-alliances/, 2024/06/12.
Passy, S & Apostolov A. (2022). The India–NATO Council and a Tri-Polar World. Observer research foundation, Available at: https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/the-india-nato-council-and-a-tri-polar-world/, 2022/06/26.
Przychodniak, M. (2023). What Military Role Can the EU Play in the Indo-Pacific?. China Observers in Central and Eastern Europe, Available at: https://chinaobservers.eu/what-military-role-can-the-eu-play-in-the-indo-pacific/, 2023/01/24.
Rosenberger, L., & Gorman, L. (2020). How democracies can win the information contest. The Washington Quarterly, 43(2), 75-96, https://doi.org/10.1080/0163660X.2020.1771045.
Roy, S. (2022). Explained: The significance of India’s talks with NATO, and next steps. Available at: https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/india-nato-talks-explained-significance-common-ground-china-pakistan-8085582/, 2022/06/14.
Sheng, E. L. (2023). The Reconstruction of the US–EU Alliance in Joe Biden’s Administration: The G7 and NATO as Instruments to Contain China and Russia. In China’s Belt and Road Initiative and the Triangle Great Game of Contemporary International Politics, Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, (pp79-109).
Sheng, Y. (2023). NATO chief visits Asia, intends to bring ‘bloc-to-bloc confrontation in Europe’ to region. Global Tims, Available at: https://www.Available at:globaltimes.cn/page/202301/1284496.shtml, 2023/01/30.
Tan, S. S. (2020). Consigned to hedge: south-east Asia and America's ‘free and open Indo-Pacific’strategy, International Affairs, 96(1), 131-148, https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiz227.
Trillo-Figueroa, S.C. (2024). Is China a threat to Europe? Nato’s China stance may rest on its answer. South China Morning Post, Available at: https://www.scmp.com/opinion/world-opinion/article/3270364/china-threat-europe-natos-china-stance-may-rest-its-answer, 2024/06/16.
Vankovska, B. (2022). Heading Towards a Global NATO: Piquing China?. Вопросы политологии.‏
Walt, S. M. (1985). Alliance formation and the balance of world power. International security, 9(4), 3-43, https://doi.org/10.2307/2538540.
Walt, S. (1987). The Origins of Alliances. New York: Cornell University.
Yeung J & Stewart, M. (2023). Japan is in talks to open a NATO office as Ukraine war makes world less stable, foreign minister says. CNN, Available at: https://edition.cnn.com/2023/05/10/asia/japan-foreign-minister-hayashi-nato-intl-hnk/index.html, 2023/05/10.
Yi, S., & Yang, C. (2023). China-NATO Relations: History and Reality. BRIQ Belt & Road Initiative Quarterly, 4(3), 26-37, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4840-6427.
Zapolskis, M. (2012). 1999 and 2010 NATO Strategic Concepts: A Comparative Analysis. Lithuanian Annual Strategic Review, 10(1), DOI:10.2478/v10243-012-0012-5.
ارسال نظر در مورد این مقاله
نام را وارد کنید.
نشانی پست الکترونیکی را به درستی وارد کنید.
وابستگی سازمانی را به درستی وارد کنید.
توضیحات را وارد کنید (حداقل 50 حرف)
CAPTCHA Image
شناسه امنیتی را به درستی وارد کنید.

  • تاریخ دریافت 10 مرداد 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری 17 شهریور 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش 18 آذر 1403