نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسنده
دکتری روابط بین‌الملل،دانشکده حقوق، الهیات و علوم سیاسی واحد علوم و تحقیقات،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی،تهران ایران. (نویسنده مسئول)
چکیده
دولت بریتانیا طی یک رفراندوم تاریخی موسوم به برگزیت بعد از بیش از چهار دهه تصمیم به خروج از اتحادیه اروپا گرفت.از همین روی بررسی علل خروج یکی از مهم‌ترین و تأثیرگذارترین اعضای اتحادیه اروپا و بررسی چرایی واگرایی در بزرگ‌ترین و موفق‌ترین نمونه همگرایی منطقه‌ای در تاریخ روابط بین‌الملل بسیار حائز اهمیت است.به همین نحو پژوهش پیش رو جهت تبیین این رویداد نوظهور در پی پاسخ به این پرسش است که چه عواملی موجب شد تا بریتانیا از اتحادیه اروپا خارج شود؟ پژوهش حاضر با بهرهگیری از روش توصیفی-تحلیلی و از منظر نوواقع‌گرایی بر این فرضیه استوار است که با توجه به ماهیت فراملی مکانیزم سیاسی و اقتصادی حاکم بر اتحادیه اروپا، بریتانیا به واسطه بی‌اعتمادی حاصل از آنارشی حاکم بر نظام بین‌المللی در جهت حفظ حاکمیت ملی خود در برابر وابستگی متقابل و همچنین کسب منافع حداکثری در مقایسه سود نسبی و مطلق از اتحادیه اروپا خارج شد.بر اساس چهارچوب نظری نظام محور پژوهش برگزیت ریشه در عواملی دارد که برآیند بی اعتمادی منتج از نظام آنارشیک محسوب می شوند.به طوری که بریتانیا به جهت حفظ حاکمیت ملی خود در برابر وابستگی متقابل حاصل از مکانیزم سیاسی و اقتصادی اتحادیه اروپا و همچنین مقایسه سود نسبی و مطلق خود به جهت کسب منافع حداکثری به مثابه یک بازیگر عاقل با رویکردی مبتنی بر هزینه-فایده از اتحادیه اروپا خارج گردید.چنانکه بر اساس نتایج به دست آمده خروج بریتانیا از اتحادیه اروپا افزایش رشد اقتصادی و آزادی عمل بیشتری برای این کشور در عرصه بین المللی به همراه داشته است.
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