نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکترای روابط بین‌الملل، دانشکدۀ علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران، (نویسندۀمسئول)
2 دانشیار گروه روابط بین‌الملل، دانشکدۀ علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران
چکیده
در طول سال‌های اخیر، حضور فعال چین در ابتکارات اقتصادی‌ـ‌راهبردی پرشماری در صحنۀ بین‌الملل آغاز شده است که یکی از مهم‌ترینِ آن‌ها، بریکس است. عضویت چین در بریکس، ضمن تحکیم قدرت سیاسی‌ـ‌اقتصادی آن، شرایطی را فراهم کرده است که در بطن آن، رویکرد خود در مورد نظام سیاسی‌ـ‌اقتصادی جهانی و نارضایتی‌اش از توزیع قدرت را به‌اشتراک بگذارد. در مقالۀ حاضر، روند عملکرد بریکس با مشارکت فعال چین برای بازتوزیع قدرت در شرایط خاصی بررسی شده و نویسندگان با استفاده از روش تاریخی و رویکرد توصیفی‌ـ‌تحلیلی مبتنی‌بر منابع کتابخانه‌ای، درصدد پاسخ‌گویی به این پرسش برآمده‌اند که «در جهانی که ایالات متحده ابرقدرت آن بوده، رفتار راهبردی چین در ابتکاراتی چون بریکس، بر چه مبنایی استوار بوده است؟» فرضیۀ مطرح‌شده نیز ناظر بر این است که «چین با تأثیرپذیری از شرایط بین‌المللی پس از جنگ سرد، الگوی کلان توازن‌بخشی در سطوح داخلی و خارجی را پیگیری کرده است؛ ازاین‌رو، مشارکت فعال در ابتکاراتی چون بریکس، نشان‌دهندۀ جنبه‌ای از توازن خارجی الگوی کلان چین برای بازتوزیع قدرت از طریق موازنۀ نرم است». نویسندگان، بیشتر ابزارهای اصلی موازنه‌سازی نرم را که چین از طریق بریکس به‌کار می‌برد، ازجمله دیپلماسی اقتصادی، را شناسایی کرده‌اند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
Besada, H & Evren, T. (2014). South Africa in the BRICS: Soft Power Balancing &
Instrumentalization. Journal of International & Global Studies, 5(2), 76-95.
Brawley, M .(2004). The Political Economy of Power Balance Theory. in: Balance of
Power: Theory and Practice in the 21st Century. Edited By: Paul, T.V, Wirtz, James
J. & Michel Fortmann.
BRICS Summit: Durban (Fifth), Africa. 27 March 2013.
Country Database .(2018). In IMF-International Monetary Fund. Based on Data: available
at: https://www.imf.org
Fatemi Nejad,S; Shafi Zadeh, S, & Daneshvar, F. (2015). Foreign Policy of Emerging
Powers toward America: Accompanying or Balancing? (Case Study: BRICS), Journal
of Political Studies and International, 7(23), 67-96. (in Persian)
Gautam, A .(2014). Alliance Politics in a Unipolar World. IOSR Journal of Humanities and
Social Science, 19(3), 35-41.
Glaser, B. S. and Morris, L. (2009). Chinese Perceptions of U.S. Decline and Power.
Jamestown Brief.
Glosny, M. A. (2010). China and the BRICs: A Real (but Limited) Partnership in a
Unipolar World. Polity, 42(1).
Griffith-Jones, S. (2014). A BRICS Development Bank: A Dream Come True? UNCTAD Discussion Paper, 2(15).
Gross, Eva. (2013). BRICS-what’s in a Name? European Union Institute for Security
Studding, 1(44), 1-4.
Ham, P. v. (2015). The BRICS as an EU Security Challenge The Case for Conservatism.
Netherl & Institute of International Relation. Clingendael. Clingendael Report. 1-39.
Harden, B E .(2014). The Diplomatic Ambitions of the BRIC States: Challenging the
Hegemony of the West. Journal of International Relations and Foreign Policy, 2(2).
Haibin, Niu .(2012). BRICS In Global Governance, A Progressive Force? Fredric Ebert
Stiftung.
He, K. & Feng, H. (2008). If Not Balancing Then What? Reconsidering Soft Balancing and
and U.S. Policy Toward China, Security Studies, 17(2), 363-395.
He , K .(2009). Dynamic Balancing: China's Balancing Atrategies Towards the United
States, 1949-2005. Journal of Contemporary China, 18(58).
Ikenberry, J. (2004). The Only Superpower, American Hegemony in the 21st Century.
Translated by: Azim Fazlipour, Tehran: International Studies & Research Institute. (in
Persian)
Ikenberry, G., mastanduno, M & Wohlforth, W .(2009). Introduction: Unipolarity, State
Behavior, and Systemic Consequences. World Politics, 61(1), 1-27.
Jervis, R. (2006). The Remaking of a Unipolar World. The Washington Quarterly, 29(3), 7-19.
Kakonen, J. (2013). BRICS as a New Constellation in International Relations? University
of Tampere/Tallinn University, Conference Dublin.
Korany, B. (2005). The Middle East since the Cold War: Torn between Geopolitics and
Geoeconomics, in Fawcett, Louise. International Relations of the Middle East,
Oxford: Oxford UP.
Krauthammer C .(1990/91). The Unipolar Moment. Foreign Affairs: America and the
World, 70(1), 23–33.
Krauthammer, C. (2002/03). The Unipolar Moment Revisited. The national Interes, (70).
Lukov, V. (2012). A Global Forum for the Newgeneration, available at:
www.brics.utoronto.ca/analysis/Lukov-Global-Forum.html.
Mastanduno, M .(1997). Preserving the Unipolar Moment: Realist Theories and U.S. Grand
Strategy after the Cold War. International Security, 21, 49-88
Mustafa, S, Zafar, A & Akhter, S. (2017). BRICS: Is the Group Really Creating Impact.
International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences, 2.
Mielniczuk, F. (2013). BRICs in the Contemporary World: Changing Identities,
Converging Interests. Third World Quarterly, 34(6), 1075-1090.
Narayanaswami, K. (2014). BRIC Economies & Foreign Policy, Panel: BRICS as a New
Global Communication Order. University of Tampere/Tallinn University, IAMCR
2013 Conference Dublin.
O’Neill, J. (2001). Building Better Global Economic BRICs. Goldman Sachs, Global Paper
66, 1-15.
Pape, R .A. (2005). Soft Balancing against the United States. International Security, 30(1).
Paul, T.V. (2005). Soft Balancing in the Age of U.S. Primacy. International Security, 30(1),
46–71.
Phillips, L. M. (2008). International Relations in 2030: The Transformative Power of Large
Developing Countries. London : Overseas Development Institute (ODI). of the World Bank’s support. Washington: World Bank, 4–6.
Piper, L. (2015). The BRICS Phenomenon: From Regional Economic Leaders to Global
Political Players. In Working Paper 3: BRICS Initiative for Critical Agrarian Studies
(BICAS) Conference, Cape Town, April.
Renard, T. (2009). A BRIC In The World: Emerging Powers, Europe, And The Coming
Order. EGMONT PAPER, 3 )31(.
Rezaei Eskandari, D. (2014). BRICS, Formation to Confront with Western Domination,
available at: www.irdiplomacy.ir/fa/page/1935899. (in Persian)
Sanayi, M & Ebrahim Abadi, G. (2013). The Emerging Economic Powers (BRICS); Goals,
Capabilities and Status in the international System. World Studies Quarterly, 3)1(. (In
Persian)
Seifi, A & khorramshad, M. (2019). BRICS and Foreign Policy of the Islamic Republic of
Iran. Quarterly of Political and International Research, 11 (40). (In Persian)
Shirkhani, M; Bayazidi, R & Rezazadeh, M. (2014). Soft Balance: BRICS and the
Challenge of American Supremacy. Quarterly of Political Science, 9(3), 145-174. (In
Persian)
Skak, M. (2011). The BRIC Powers as Soft Balancers: Brazil, Russia, India and China,
Paper for the 11th annual Aleksanteri Conference, The Dragon and the Bear:
Strategic Choices of Russia and China.
Singh, S. P. & Dube, M. (2011), BRICS and the World Order: A Beginner s Guide.
Foreign Policy, March/April.
Waltz, K. (2015). Theory of International Politics. Translated by: Ruhollah Talebi Arani,
Mokhatab Publishing. (in Persian)
Wallsh, D. (2013). Syrian Alliance Strategy in the Post-Cold War Era: The Impact of
Unipolarity. The Fletcher Forum of World Affairs, 37(2).
Wilson, D. /R. P. (2003). Dreaming with BRICs: The path to 2050. in: Goldman Sachs
Global Economics (Paper 99, October).
Wohlforth, W. C. (1999). The Stability of a Unipolar World, International Security. 24.
Wrobel, P. (2009). Brazil’s Approach to Security in the 21st Century, Global Security in a
Multipolar World. Published by: The European Union Institute for Security Studies.
Wohlfort, W. C. h. (1999). The Stability of a Unipolar World. International Security, 24(1).
Yazdani, E & Hossein Hosseini, M. (2015). The Impact of Smart Power on Shanghai and
BRICS Actors on the Dynamics of the Power Cycle. Scientific Quarterly of Central
Asian and Caucasus Studies, 21(92). (in Persian)
Yazdani, E & Moradifar, S. (2017). Explaining the Impact and Role of BRICS on the New
World Order, Journal Of Strategic studies of public policy, 7(2). (in Persian)
)
ارسال نظر در مورد این مقاله