نوع مقاله : مقالات
نویسندگان
دانشگاه تهران
چکیده
هدف مقاله حاضر، بررسی عملکرد سیاست خارجی دولت اوباما در آمریکای لاتین است. این مقاله در پی پاسخ‌گویی به این پرسش است که مبنای رفتار در سیاست خارجی دولت باراک اوباما کدام عوامل، مؤلفه‌ها، و معیارها بوده است. مقاله در بررسی خود به این نتیجه رسیده است که سیاست خارجی دولت باراک اوباما در آمریکای لاتین به‌تبع رویکرد نیمکره‌گرایان دموکرات، نرم، صلح‌جویانه، و مبتنی‌بر همکاری در چارچوب بین‌الملل‌گرایی لیبرالیستی بوده است. بررسی فرضیه، نیازمند شناخت رفتار سیاسی اوباما و دموکرات‌ها در منطقه و بررسی رویدادهایی است که بر سیاست خارجی ایالات متحده تأثیر گذاشته‌اند. اوباما با درپیش گرفتن سیاست تغییر در چارچوب بین‌الملل‌گرایی لیبرالی و روی آوردن به همکاری با جهان و به‌تبع آن با آمریکای لاتین، شیوۀ متفاوتی را در اعمال سیاست‌ها در مورد آمریکای لاتین درپیش گرفته است که تأثیر عمیق و متفاوتی بر ساختارهای سیاسی و اقتصادی منطقه گذاشت. یکی از مهم‌ترین تفاوت‌ها را می‌توان در تغییر سیاست راهبردی در مورد کوبا پس از هفتاد سال درگیری و دشمنی دانست که سرانجام سبب اتخاذ دیدگاه مسالمت‌جویانه در برابر این کشور شد. در گام بعد، دولت اوباما شایستگان و نخبگانی از مهاجران منطقه آمریکای لاتین را پذیرفت که ازآن‌میان می‌توان به پذیرش دانشجویان اشاره کرد. برایند تصمیم‌سازی در دولت اوباما ابتدا به نگرش‌های نظری پیشین او و سپس به دیدگاه‌های نظریه‌پردازان حزب دموکرات مربوط می‌شود که بازتاب آن در راهبرد تغییر، تجلی یافت.
کلیدواژه‌ها
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Routledge, 236-250.
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its renewal. New York: Random House.
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influence. New York: W. W. Norton and Company.
Galeano, E. (1971). Open Veins of Latin America (25nd ed.). (C. Belfarge, Trans.) New
York: Monthly Review Press.
Garza, R. J. (2010). The US and Mexico: trading partners, reluctant military allies.
Montery, California: Postgraduate Naval College.
partnership. in Contemporary U.S Latin American relations: cooperation or conflict in
the 21st century? edited by J. I. Domingues & R. F. De Castro. New York: Routlege,
150-172.
Ayon, D. R. (2016). Latino diasporas, Obamas executive action strategy, and U.S-Latin
American relations. in Contemporary U.S Latin American relations: cooperation or
conflict in the 21st century? edited by J. I. Domingues & R. F. De Castro. New York:
Routledge, 236-250.
Bahar Sadatmousavi (2015). A comparison of US presence in Latin America and Middle
East after September 11. M.A. Thesis in University of Tehran. (in Persian).
Burns, W. J. (2019). The back channel: a memoir of American diplomacy and the case for
its renewal. New York: Random House.
Buzan, B. and Wæver, O. (2003). Regions and powers: the structure of international
security. Translated by R. Qahramnpour. Tehran: RISS. (in Persian).
Corrales, J. & Romero, C. A. (2016). U.S Venezuelan relations after Hugo Chavez: why
normalization has been impossible. in Contemporary U.S Latin American Relations:
cooperation or conflict in the 21st century? edited by J. I. Domingues & R. F. De
Castro. New York: Routledge, 214-232.
Domingues, J. I. & De Castro, R. F. (2016). U.S Mexican relations. in Contemporary U.S
Latin American relations: cooperation or conflict in the 21st century? edited by J. I.
Domingues & R. F. De Castro. New York: Routlege, 30-49.
Dominguez, J. I. (2016). The changes in the international system dince 2000. in
Contemporary U.S Latin American relations: cooperation or conflict in the 21st
century? edited by J. I. Domingues & R. F. De Castro. New York: Routledge, 1-23.
Escude, C. (2016). Who commands, who obeys, and who rebels: Latin Americans security
in a peripheral. in Routledge handbook of Latin America security. edited by D. R.
Mares & A. M. Kacowicz. New York: Routledge, 56-66.
Falcone, E. (2014-2015). USA foreign policy in Latin America: the Challengers. Rome,
Italy: Luiss Guido Carli. Department of Political Science.
Farrow, R. (2018). War on peace: the end of piplomacy and the decline of american
influence. New York: W. W. Norton and Company.
Galeano, E. (1971). Open Veins of Latin America (25nd ed.). (C. Belfarge, Trans.) New
York: Monthly Review Press.
Garza, R. J. (2010). The US and Mexico: trading partners, reluctant military allies.
Montery, California: Postgraduate Naval College.
Grandin, G. (2019). The end of the myth: from the frontier to the border wall in the mind of
America. New York: Metropolitan Books.
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providing a model for reviewing it. Iranian Sociology, 2: 19, 3-35. (in Persian).
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Perspectives, 38: 178, 47-60.
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engagement. in Diplomacy in a globalizing world: theories and practices, edited by P. Kerr
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U.S Latin American relations: cooperation or conflict in the 21st century? edited by J. I.
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Contemporary US Latin American relations: cooperation or conflict in the 21st
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disappointment, opportunity. Foreign Affairs, 89: 4, 110-24.
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Security Strategy during Obama. in Book of America 10: US national security strategies
after cold war. Edited by Abbas Kardan. Tehran: TISRI, 230-63. (in Persian).
Maolavi, Z et al. (2019). Bureaucracyphobia and understanding natioal tolerance. Quarterly
Journal of Public Organzations Management, 25: 7, 83-96. (in Persian).
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21st century. Sais Review of International Affairs, 37: 2, pp. 33-47.
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providing a model for reviewing it. Iranian Sociology, 2: 19, 3-35. (in Persian).
Hellinger, D. (2011, July). Obama and the Bolivarian agenda for Americas. Latin America
Perspectives, 38: 178, 47-60.
Henrikson, A. (2013). United States contemporary diplomacy: implementing a foreign policy of
engagement. in Diplomacy in a globalizing world: theories and practices, edited by P. Kerr
and G. Wiseman. translated by Abbas Kardan. Tehran: TISRI, 392-414. (in Persian)
Heywood A. (2010) Politics. translated by A. Alem. Tehran: Ney Publication.
Hirst, M. & Pereira, L. B. (2016). The unsettled of US-Brazilian relations. in Contemporary
U.S Latin American relations: cooperation or conflict in the 21st century? edited by J. I.
Domingues & R. F. De Castro. New York: Routledge, 106-117.
Hooghe, M. & Marien, S. (2016). The wall with Mexico is a utopian project for Trump
supporters. Retrieved from London School of Economics:
http://www.Blogs.ise.ac.uk/usaappblog/201605/06
Hosseini, M. (2012). US confrontation with Iran after Cold War. Tehran: TISRI. (in Persian).
Julio, C. F. & Aravena, F. R. (2016). Chile and the US: a cooperative friendship. in
Contemporary US Latin American relations: cooperation or conflict in the 21st
century? edited by J. I. Domingues & R. F. De Castro. New York: Routledge,128-142.
Khadem. F. (2009). Effect of US-Saudi interaction on Iran’s natioal security. Journal of
Middle East Studies, 3: 16, 87-111. (in Persian).
Livingston, G. (2009). Americas Bacyard,The United States And Latin America From the
Monroe Doctrine to the War on Terror. London: zed books.
Lowenthal, F. A. (2010). The Obama administration and the Americas: promise,
disappointment, opportunity. Foreign Affairs, 89: 4, 110-24.
Mahpishanian, M. (2011). Building at Home, Shaping Abroad: Reading US National
Security Strategy during Obama. in Book of America 10: US national security strategies
after cold war. Edited by Abbas Kardan. Tehran: TISRI, 230-63. (in Persian).
Maolavi, Z et al. (2019). Bureaucracyphobia and understanding natioal tolerance. Quarterly
Journal of Public Organzations Management, 25: 7, 83-96. (in Persian).
Mazza, J. (2017). The U.S-Mexico border and Mexican migration to the United States:a
21st century. Sais Review of International Affairs, 37: 2, pp. 33-47.
Mcclintock, S. (2016). U.S-Peruvian relations: cooperation within the international system
of the 20st century. in Contemporary U.S Latin American Relations:Cooperation or
Conflict in the 21st Century? edited by J. I. Domingues & R. F. De Castro. New York:
Routledge, 183-205.
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Domingues & R. F. De Castro. New york: Routlege, 62-78.
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States. M.A. Thesis in University of Tehran. (in Persian).
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International Relations Scholarship Around the World, edited by A. Tickner & O.
Wæver, translated into Persian by Alireza Tayeb. Tehran: TISRI. (in Persian).
Weisbort, M. (2011, july 23). Obamas Latin America: continuity without change. Latin
American Perspectives, 38: 178, 62-70
age revolutions to the era of globalization. New Mexico: University of New Mexico
Press.
Pasha, A. 2001. From organization to bureaucracy: critical review of bureaucracy literature
in sociology. Social Science, 8: 13-14, 80-100. (in Persian).
Pfefferle, T. (2014). US foreign policy in Latin America under the Obama administration.
London: Queen Mary University, School of Politics and International Relations.
Pourpashang, Z. (1387). Proceedings of first international conference of Latin America:
role of Latin America in the future international system. Tehran: IPIS. (in Persian).
Powaski, E. R. (2019). Ideals, interests, and U.S. foreign policy from George H. W. Bush to
Donald Trump. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan.
Russell, R. (2016). U.S-Argentina relations: the years of Cristina and Obama. in
Contemporary U.S Latin American Relations:Cooperation or Conflict in the 21st
Century? edited by J. I. Domingues & R. F. De Castro. New York: Routledge, 84-100.
Schirm S. (2013). Hemispheric interregionalism: power, domestic interests, and ideas in the
Free Trade Association of the Americas. in Interregionalism and International
Relations: a stepping stone to global governance? Edited by J. Rüland, H. Hänggi & R.
Roloff. translated by M. Shojaee and E. Kolaee. Tehran: IPIS. (in Persian)
Stable, M. P. (1999). The Cuban revolution: origins, course, and legacy. London: Oxford
University Press.
Stable, M. P. (2016). The United State and Cuba intimate Neighbors? in Contemporary U.S
Latin American Relations:Cooperation or Conflict in the 21st Century? edited by J. I.
Domingues & R. F. De Castro. New york: Routlege, 62-78.
Taffet, J. F. & Walcher, D. (2017). The Unite States and Latin America: a history with
documents. New York: Routledge.
Taqavi, Z. (2012). Integration in Latin America and its impact on relation with United
States. M.A. Thesis in University of Tehran. (in Persian).
Tickner, A. (2011). Latin America: still policy dependant after all these years? in
International Relations Scholarship Around the World, edited by A. Tickner & O.
Wæver, translated into Persian by Alireza Tayeb. Tehran: TISRI. (in Persian).
Weisbort, M. (2011, july 23). Obamas Latin America: continuity without change. Latin
American Perspectives, 38: 178, 62-70
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