نوع مقاله : مقالات

نویسندگان

دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

هدف مقاله حاضر، بررسی عملکرد سیاست خارجی دولت اوباما در آمریکای لاتین است. این مقاله در پی پاسخ‌گویی به این پرسش است که مبنای رفتار در سیاست خارجی دولت باراک اوباما کدام عوامل، مؤلفه‌ها، و معیارها بوده است. مقاله در بررسی خود به این نتیجه رسیده است که سیاست خارجی دولت باراک اوباما در آمریکای لاتین به‌تبع رویکرد نیمکره‌گرایان دموکرات، نرم، صلح‌جویانه، و مبتنی‌بر همکاری در چارچوب بین‌الملل‌گرایی لیبرالیستی بوده است. بررسی فرضیه، نیازمند شناخت رفتار سیاسی اوباما و دموکرات‌ها در منطقه و بررسی رویدادهایی است که بر سیاست خارجی ایالات متحده تأثیر گذاشته‌اند. اوباما با درپیش گرفتن سیاست تغییر در چارچوب بین‌الملل‌گرایی لیبرالی و روی آوردن به همکاری با جهان و به‌تبع آن با آمریکای لاتین، شیوۀ متفاوتی را در اعمال سیاست‌ها در مورد آمریکای لاتین درپیش گرفته است که تأثیر عمیق و متفاوتی بر ساختارهای سیاسی و اقتصادی منطقه گذاشت. یکی از مهم‌ترین تفاوت‌ها را می‌توان در تغییر سیاست راهبردی در مورد کوبا پس از هفتاد سال درگیری و دشمنی دانست که سرانجام سبب اتخاذ دیدگاه مسالمت‌جویانه در برابر این کشور شد. در گام بعد، دولت اوباما شایستگان و نخبگانی از مهاجران منطقه آمریکای لاتین را پذیرفت که ازآن‌میان می‌توان به پذیرش دانشجویان اشاره کرد. برایند تصمیم‌سازی در دولت اوباما ابتدا به نگرش‌های نظری پیشین او و سپس به دیدگاه‌های نظریه‌پردازان حزب دموکرات مربوط می‌شود که بازتاب آن در راهبرد تغییر، تجلی یافت.

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