نوع مقاله : مقالات

نویسندگان

دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

سرمایه انسانی و به‌تبع آن جریان بین‌المللی سرمایه انسانی از مهم‌ترین شاخص‌های مؤثر بر توسعه اقتصادی کشورها هستند. این مسئله باعث شده تا هم کشورهای درحال‌توسعه و هم کشورهای توسعه‌یافته، تمرکز بسیاری بر جذب آن‌ها به‌عنوان تولیدکنندگان ارزش اقتصادی داشته باشند. مسئله مهمی که از دغدغه‌های علمی در سطح جهانی می‌باشد، اثرات خروج سرمایه‌های انسانی بر توسعه اقتصادی در کشورهای مبدأ (درحال‌توسعه) و کشورهای مقصد (توسعه‌یافته) است. در این پژوهش تلاش داریم با استفاده از روش مقایسه‌ای به بررسی و مقایسه ایران و ترکیه به‌عنوان مواردی از کشورهایی که با خروج سرمایه‌های انسانی مواجه بوده‌اند، به این سؤال پاسخ دهیم که خروج سرمایه‌های انسانی چه تأثیری بر توسعه اقتصادی آن‌ها گذاشته است؟ در این زمینه دو رویکرد عمده وجود دارد. رویکرد نخست بر اثرات منفی جریان بین‌المللی سرمایه انسانی و رویکرد دوم نیز بر اثرات مثبت جریان بین‌المللی سرمایه انسانی بر توسعه اقتصادی کشورهای مبدأ تأکید دارد. درنهایت این نتیجه حاصل شد که گرچه در مواردی معدود ازجمله درآمدهای رمیتنسی، سرمایه‌گذاری خارجی و انتقال فناوری، خروج سرمایه‌های انسانی می‌تواند توسعه اقتصادی را بهبود بخشد، اما به‌خصوص خروج سرمایه‌های انسانی باکیفیت، عموماً آثار زیانباری بر توسعه اقتصادی کشورهای مبدأ می‌گذارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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