نوع مقاله : مقالات
نویسندگان
دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد همدان
چکیده
دیپلماسی و مذاکره میان واحدهای دولتی و غیردولتی در ابعاد مختلف داخلی، منطقه‌ای و جهانی سابقه‌ای به درازای عمر بشری دارد و همواره در طول تاریخ برقرار بوده است. واژگان و مفاهیم دیپلماسی، دیپلمات، دیپلماتیک و مذاکره در ادبیات روابط بین‌الملل کاربرد فراوانی دارند و اغلب برای بیان رابطه بین دو یا چند کشور و یا چند بازیگر غیردولتی به کار می‌روند. ازاین‌رو، سؤال اصلی آن است که تحول در مفهوم دیپلماسی چه ارتباطی با تئوری‌های روابط بین‌الملل دارد؟ مقاله‌ی حاضر به تحلیل تحول دیپلماسی در روابط بین‌الملل می‌پردازد و برای این منظور، تحول تاریخی دیپلماسی را از اواسط قرن پانزدهم تا قرن حاضر بازخوانی می‌کند. درواقع مسئله‌ی اصلی موردتوجه در این مقاله آن است که تحول در مفهوم دیپلماسی را با توجه به نظریه‌های واقع‌گرایی، لیبرالیسم و سازه‌انگاری تشریح نماید. یافته‌های پژوهش حاکی از آن است که با تقسیم‌بندی دیپلماسی به سه دوره‌ی مختلف (سنتی، غیرمتعارف، دووجهی در این پژوهش) می‌توان آن را بر اساس نظریه‌های مطرح‌شده تحلیل و تبیین نمود. بااین‌وجود باید این نکته را نیز مدّنظر داشت که همه‌ی ابعاد و کلیت تحول مفهوم دیپلماسی با این سه نظریه قابل‌تحلیل و بررسی نیست. شیوه‌ی پژوهش تحلیلی- توصیفی بوده و گردآوری اطلاعات بر مبنای روش کتابخانه‌ای و استفاده از منابع اینترنتی است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
References
Barnett, M. (2005). Social Constructivism, in Bayliss & Smith, the Globalization of World Politics: An Introduction to International Relations. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Bayliss, J., & Smith, S. (2011). The Globalization of World Politics: An Introduction to International Relations, Oxford University Press,
Bull, H. (1972). The Theory of International Politics, 1919–1969, Oxford University Press, London.
Bull, H. (1977). The anarchical society: a study of order in world politics, New York: Columbia University Press.
Coolsaet, R. (1998). The Transformation of Diplomacy at the threshold of the new Millennium, Centre for the Study of Diplomacy, University of Leicester.
Cooper & Thakur (2003). Enhancing Global Governance: Towards a New Diplomacy? PUBLISHER: United Nations University Press.
Cooper, F., & Hocking, B. (2000). Governments, Non-governmental Organisations and the Recalibration of Diplomacy, Global Society, 14(3), 361-376.
Copeland, D. (2009). Guerrilla Diplomacy: Rethinking international relations, United States, Boulder: Lynne Rienner.
Daneshnia, F. (2015). Alexander Venn's Structure: Refusal to overburden the theoretical aspects of international relations and gain access to the way, Institute of Humanities and Cultural Studies, 6(2), 63-84.]In Persian[
Dougherty, J. E., & Pfaltzgraff, R. (2001). Contending Theories of International Relations, New York San Francisco Boston.
Dunn, D. (1996). Diplomacy at the Highest Level: The Evolution of International Summitry, New York: St. Martin’s Press.
Dunne, T. (2001). Liberalism in the globalization of world politics, Edited by baylis and smith, Oxford: oxford university press.
Eizenstat, S. E. (2004). Nongovernmental Organizations as the Fifth Estate, Seton Hall Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations, 15-28
Forsythe, D. P., & Coate, R. A. (2013). The United Nations and Changing World Politics, Boulder: Westview.
Ghasemi, F. (2012). Diplomacy and international relations, Tehran, Mizan, Second Edition. ]In Persian[
Ghavam, A. (2001). Principles of Foreign Policy and International Policy, Tehran, Samt Published. ]In Persian[
Ghavam, A. (2005). Modern diplomacy, media diplomacy, Journal of Law and Politics. No.17, 7-18. ]In Persian[
Goldstein, J., & Pevehouse, J. (2006). International Relations, New York: Pearson Longman.
Goldstein, J., & Pevehouse, J. (2013). International Relations, New York: PearsonLongman.
Hamilton, K., & Langhorne, R. (2011). The Practice of Diplomacy – Its evolution, theory and administration, Second edition, New York, Routledge.
Henrikson, A. (2014). Sovereignty, Diplomacy: the Changing Character of International Representation from State to Self? The flecher forum of world affairs, specal edition, 37(3), 111-140.
Hocking, B. (2004). Privatizing Diplomacy? International Studies Perspectives, 5(2), 147-152.
Holsti, K. J. (2004). Taming the Sovereigns: Institutional Change in International Politics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Jackson, R. (2002). Martin Wight’s thought on Diplomacy, Publisher: Routledge, part of the Taylor & Francis Group, 13(4), 1-28.
Jackson, R., & Sørensen, G. (2014). Introduction to International Relations: Theories and Approaches, Translation by Dr. Mehdi Zakarian, Ahmad Taghizadeh and Hossein Saeidkalahi, Publishing mizan.]In Persian[
James, A. (1999). Cited in Paul Sharp, For Diplomacy: Representation and the Study of International Relations, International Studies Review, 1(1), 33-57.
Kaufmann, J. (1998). The Diplomacy of International Relations: selected writings, The Hague: Boston: Kluwer Law International.
Kegley, CH. (2006). World Politics, 10th ed. Belmont, Calif: Wadsworth/Thomson Learning.
Kramarenko, G., & Krutskikh, A. (2003). Diplomacy and the Information Revolution, International Affairs, 49(5), 115-123.
Langhorne, R. (2000). Full Circle: New principles and old consequences in the modern diplomatic System, Diplomacy and Statecraft, 1(1), 33-46
Lee, D., & Hudson, D. (2004). The old and new significance of political economy in diplomacy, Review of International Studies, 30(1), 343–360.
Lispon, C., & Snidal, D. (2001). The Rational Design of International Institutions, International Organization, 55(4), 761-799.
Lobe, J. (2003). US Conservatives Take Aim at NGOs, Available at: https://www.globalpolicy.org/component/content/article/176/31332.html
Mearsheimer, J. (1994/95). The False Promise of International Institutions, International Security, 19(3), 5-49.
Melissen, J. (1999). Innovation in Diplomatic Practice, New York: Macmillan.
Moazzami Goudarzi, M. H. (2009). New diplomacy, Events and Analysis, 183, 32-36. ]In Persian[
Morgenthau, H. J., & Thompson, K. W. (2005). Politics Among Nations, Published by McGraw-Hill Educatio.
Moshirzadeh, H. (2010). The development of theories of international relations, Tehran, Samt, Fifth Edition. ]In Persian[
Mujtahedi, M. R. (1999). Diplomacy and its historical evolution, the researcher-philosophical, Journal of Literature and Human Sciences, Tabriz University, 169, 103-128. ]In Persian[
Nikayin, E. (2009). Public diplomacy, a new approach in international relations, foreign policy journal, 23(2), 362-394. ]In Persian[
Petito, Danielle S. (2001). Sovereignty and Globalisation; Fallacies, Truth and Perception, New York Law School Journal of Human Rights, 17(3), 1139- 1172.
Pigman, G. (2010). Contemporary Diplomacy- Representation and communication in a Globalized World, United Kingdom, Polity Press.
Rana, K. (2000). Inside Diplomacy, Manas: New Delhi.
Riordan, S. (2003). The New Diplomacy, Cambridge, polity.
Schuman, F. (1952). The Commonwealth of Man: an Inquiry into Power Politics and World Government, New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
Shafi'i, N., & Zamanian, R. (2011). Theories of foreign policy from the perspective of realism, liberalism and constructivism, Journal of Political Economy, 285, 114-129. ]In Persian[
Sofer, S. (1988). Old and New Diplomacy, Review of International Studies, 14(3), 1-12.
Vahidi, M. A. (2008). Change the nature of international politics and the transformation of diplomacy, foreign policy journal, 21(2), 357-381.]In Persian[
Wall, T. (2005). Scotland Waits For July Riots, New Statesman, 134(4).
Watson, A. (1991). Diplomacy: The Dialogue between States, London, New York, NY: Routledge.
Wendt, A. (1992). Anarchy is what stutes make of it: the social construction of power polities, international organization, 46(2), 391-425.
Whaites, A. (1998). Viewpoint NGOs, civil society and the state: avoiding theoretical extremes in real world issues, Development in Practice, 8(3), 343-349.
Wight, M. (1966). Diplomatic Investigations, Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Wolf, M. (2001). Will the Nation-State survive Globalisation? Foreign Affairs, 80, 178-190.
Wolfers, A. (1951). The pole of power and the pole of Indifference, World politics, 4(1), 39-63.
)
ارسال نظر در مورد این مقاله