نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دکتری روابط بین‌الملل دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، (نویسنده مسئول)
2 دکتری روابط بین‌الملل دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
چکیده
نگاه به شرق از جمله رویکردهای مطرح در سیاست خارجی جمهوری اسلامی ایران دست‌کم طی دو دهه گذشته است. این رویکرد متعاقب تشدید تحریم‌های بین‌المللی علیه تهران و اعمال محدودیت‌های اقتصادی و سیاسی بر سر راه تعاملات بین‌المللی ایران بیش از پیش در عرصه نظری و سیاستگذاری مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. با توجه به ناکامی این سیاست در دستیابی به اهداف مورد انتظار طی سال‌های گذشته و نیز با نگاهی دقیق‌تر به جایگاه آن در سیاست خارجی ایران، می‌توان سویه‌هایی از ایدئولوژی، گفتمان و سازه‌های فرهنگ راهبردی را در کنار عوامل و متغیرهای سیستمی پیش‌گفته در اقبال به این رویکرد مشاهده کرد. بر این مبنا هدف مقاله پیش‌رو ارزیابی این سیاست با استفاده از رهیافت تحلیل علّی لایه‌ای در چهار سطح عینیت، سیستم، گفتمان و جهان بینی و نهایتاً اسطوره‌ها و استعاره‌های سیاسی و هویتی ایرانی با هدف فهم دقیق بنیان‌های سیاست نگاه به شرق است. بررسی‌ها نشان دهنده فاصله میان نقطه ایده‌آل جمهوری اسلامی ایران از پیگیری سیاست نگاه به شرق با وضعیت موجود است. از نقطه‌نظر آینده‌نگری راهبردی، این امر ریشه در پایین‌ترین سطوح یعنی «لایه‌های جهان‌بینی و استعاره‌ها و اسطوره‌ها» دارد. به این معنا که وجود منابعی برای تمایز و عدم اشتراک در این لایه‌ها در کنار فقدان دستیابی به فهم مشترک پیرامون مسائل، چالش‌ها و فرصت‌ها و به‌ویژه ضعف در بسترسازی هویتی و فرهنگی مشترک موجب شده تا نگاه به شرق بیش از آن‌که یک راهبرد مستقل در ساحت سیاست خارجی ایران باشد، از واکنش نسبت به فشارهای سیستمی و همچنین تلاش در جهت پیشبرد دستورکارهای مشخص در زمینه روابط خارجی فراتر نرود.
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