نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکترای علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران
2 دانشیار روابط بین‌الملل، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران (نویسنده مسئول)
3 دانشیار علوم سیاسی و روابط بین‌الملل، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
چکیده
عراق از جمله کشورهایی است که به صورت بالقوه طیف قابل توجهی از مولفه‌های تعیین کننده امنیت و حصول به توسعه متوازن نظیر جمعیت جوان و منابع سرشار هیدروکربوری را دارا است. با این حال فرآیند توسعه اقتصادی- اجتماعی و امنیت پایدار این کشور درآغازین دهه‌های قرن بیست و یکم، به وضعیتی مخاطره آمیز و پرابلماتیک انجامیده است. عراق طی دو دهه اخیر و متعاقب فروپاشی رژیم صدام حسین، علیرغم فروش سالانه میلیاردها دلار درآمد نفتی و دریافت کمک های بین المللی با نارسایی تدارک خدمات عمومی نظیر قطعی گسترده برق، فقر و بیکاری فراگیر و تعارضات عمیق و مداوم بین نیروهای اجتماعی در عرصه اقتصاد سیاسی خود مواجه بوده است. پرسش آن است که بازتولید ناامنی و پیچیده شدن فرآیند توسعه اقتصادی- اجتماعی در عراق پسا صدام چگونه قابل فهم است؟ فرضیه پژوهش با اتکاء به رویکرد اقتصاد سیاسی نهادگرای داگلاس نورث بدین صورت طراحی شده که الگوی روابط میان ائتلاف حاکم و نیروهای مسلح و توانمند عرب سنی، متعاقب تکوین نظم دسترسی محدود در این کشور، زمینه بازتولید ناامنی و شکل‌گیری وضعیت پیچیده فراروی توسعه اقتصادی- اجتماعی این کشور را فراهم نموده است. یافته‌های پژوهش نشانگر آن است که گذار از یک نظم محدود و سرکوب‌گر به نظمی محدود، شکننده و متکثر، فرآیند سیاست‌گذاری‌های توسعه‌ای در عراق پساصدام را به سمت اقدامات بخشی‌نگر، غیرفراگیر و منفعتی تقلیل داده است. برآیند این وضعیت تعارض بین میان دولت و نیروهای رانت‌جو به شکل منازعه و بازتولید ناامنی و بی ثباتی بوده است پژوهش حاضر به روش اسنادی و با استفاده از منابع و متون موجود صورت گرفته است.
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