نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشیار گروه حقوق بین الملل، دانشکده حقوق دانشگاه قم، قم،ایران
2 استادیار گروه حقوق بین الملل ،دانشکده حقوق دانشگاه قم، قم،ایران(نویسنده مسئول)
چکیده
اقدام موشکی سپاه پاسداران انقلاب اسلامی ایران علیه پایگاه نظامی آمریکا موسوم به عین الاسد، که متعاقب حمله پهبادی آمریکا و شهادت سردار سپهبد حاج قاسم سلیمانی و چند تن از یاران ایشان در عراق صورت گرفت، نظریات مختلفی را در مورد مشروعیت آن به دنبال داشته است. اقدام متقابل، دفاع مشروع و رضایت سه عاملی هستند که دراین باره در انگاره ها و آموزه های حقوقی مطرح شده اند. طبق حقوق بین الملل عرفی و ماده 20 مواد 2001 درموردمسئولیت بین المللی دولت ها، رضایت کشورعراق موجب می شودکه اقدام جمهوری اسلامی ایران دراین کشور،موجب نقض تمامیت ارضی عراق و مصداق مداخله در امور داخلی نباشد. در این باره، اقدام متقابل، نمی تواند تعهد کشورها به عدم توسل به زور را متأثر سازد و خواسته جامعه اسلامی ایران در مورد «انتقام سخت»، به آن معنا نیست که اقدام موشکی یادشده یک اقدام تلافی جویانه، در معنای خاص کلمه، به آن گونه که در برخی انگاره های حقوقی بین المللی آمده است قلمداد شود. در این باره، با توجه به سریالی بودن عمل متخلفانه ایالات متحده آمریکا و نیز وجود قرائن از مقامات رسمی مبنی بر ادامه چنین عمل متخلفانه ای، دریافته می شود که اقدام جمهوری اسلامی ایران، دفاع مشروع بدان نحو که به عنوان حقی ذاتی در ماده 51 منشور ملل متحد آمده است، دانسته شود. این امر، نباید به منزله دفاع مشروع پیش دستانه قلمداد گردد بلکه زنجیره ای بودن اعمال متخلفانه آمریکا موجب می شود که اقدام جمهوری اسلامی ایران در قالب دفاع مشروع در حقوق بین الملل مشروع و قانونی باشد.
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