نوع مقاله : مقالات
نویسنده
استادیار گروه علوم سیاسی دانشکدۀ حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
چکیده
در چشم انداز توسعه ای، کشورهای جذاب و ثروتمند دنیا، مرکز آمال و آرزوهای سیاستمدران، نخبگان، سرمایه گذاران، کارآفرینان و مرکز توجه مردم عادی دنیا هستند. ثروت به خودی خود جذابیت، ارتقاء، شهرت مثبت و برند بین المللی می آورد. ثروت متصل به فرهنگ و مکان جغرافیایی، می تواند مبنای طرح ریزی مثبت ایده های بین المللی و توسعه ای برای افزایش شهرت مثبت کشورها و مبانی هویتی و فرهنگی آنها باشد و آنها را به مرکز توجهات جهانی تبدیل کند. منطقۀ اسکاندیناوی از جمله مکان هایی است که جغرافیای ثروت و توسعه آن، ادراک مثبت این منطقه را افزایش داده است. نروژ یکی از کشورهای این منطقه است که امروز جذابیت و محبوبیت بالایی در سطح نظام بین المللی دارد. نام و برند نروژ حامل فرآیندهای ذهنی و ادراکی است که این کشور کوچک را محبوب و جذاب می کند. تمرکز اصلی این مقاله بر مبانی برندینگ و شهرت مثبت نروژ در نظام بین الملل از طریق ابزارهای دیپلماسی فرهنگی است. مقاله با تشریح اقدامات و ابتکارات مهم سیاستگذارانۀ دپیلماسی فرهنگی نروژ در یک چشم انداز تاریخی، بر این امر تاکید می کند که نروژ با وجود ضعفهای مهم ژئوپلیتیکی و مساحت کوچک توانسته است از طریق استفادۀ مثبت از فرهنگ، برندینگ جذاب و شهرت بین المللی مثبتی را در نظام بین الملل کسب کند. مدیریت نهادمند و سیاستگذارانه و استفادۀ صحیح از فرهنگ باز و متساهل نروژی که ترکیبی از فرهنگ منطقۀ نوردیک است، باعث گسترش جذابیت و ادراک مثبت نروژ در نظام بین الملل شده است.
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A Comparative Approach. In: Finger M., Heininen L. (eds) The Global Arctic Handbook.
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Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael.
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Foreign Cultural Policy. In: Hylland O., Bjurström E. (eds) Aesthetics and Politics. New
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dissertation in Cultural studies, Kongsberg: University of South-Eastern Norway.
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the International, London: Palgrave Macmillan.
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branding in Scandinavia: An institutional approach to the cartoon crises. Place Branding
Public Diplomacy,(12) pp: 172–186.
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Norway in the early 1950s. Journal of Transatlantic Studies volume 15, pages 313–330.
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leadership: Germany and Norway compared, Environmental Politics. Vol. 25(1) pp: 180-
201.
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of Canada and Norway. In: Melissen J. (eds) The New Public Diplomacy. Studies in
Diplomacy and International Relations. Palgrave Macmillan, London.
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Identities, 23: (5) pp: 518-532.
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London.
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Wivel (eds) The Routledge Handbook of Scandinavian Politics,pp:240-253. London:
Routledge.
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Norwegian Politics, Scandinavian political studies, 29,(1)25-46.
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Diplomacy. London : Palgrave Macmillan, pp:51-89.
Riste, O. (2004). Norway's foreign relations: a history. Oslo, Universitetsforlaget.
Ross, John (2019). The Rise of Little Big Norway, London: Anthem Press.
Saxi,H. L. (2010). Norwegian and Danish Defence Policy: A Comparative Study of the Post-
Cold era, Oslo: Norwegian Institute for Defence Studies.
Sitter N. (2012). The Nordic Countries: The Causes and Consequences of Variable
Geometry. In: Hayward J., Wurzel R. (eds) European Disunion. Palgrave Studies in
European Union Politics. pp 267-282.London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Sverdrup, U. (2016). Nordic Cooperation and the New Geopolitics, Oslo: Norwegian institute
of international affairs.
Tanil, G. (2012). Europeanization, Integration and Identity: A Social Constructivist Fusion
Perspective on Norway, London: Routledge.
Taulbee J.L., Kelleher A., Grosvenor P.C. (2014a). Norway’s Approach to Achieving Peace:
Structure and Agency. In: Norway’s Peace Policy. Pp:49-73,New York : Palgrave
Macmillan.
Taulbee J.L., Kelleher A., Grosvenor P.C. (2014b). The Peace Engagement of a Peace
Culture: Observations on the National Identity Foundations of Norwegian Foreign Policy.
In: Norway’s Peace Policy. Pp: 23-47, New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Thorkildsen, L. H. and Kavli , H. (2009). Improving Norway's reputation, Synovate Ltd.
Waage, H, H. (2008). Postscript to Oslo: The Missing Files. Journal of Palestine Studies
38, No. 1: 54–65.
Waage, H, H. (2007). The ‘Minnow’ and the ‘Whale’: Norway and the United States in the
Peace Process in the Middle East, 1993–96. British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 34,
No. 2: 157–176.
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