جنگ ترکیبی روسیه-آمریکا و روابط امنیتی اتحادیۀ اروپا-روسیه (2008-2019)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• مهدی باقی مجرد ¹
• سعید وثوقی ²
• شهروز ابراهیمی ³

¹ دانشجوی دکتری روابط بین الملل، دانشگاه اصفهان

² دانشیار روابط بین الملل، دانشکده علوم اداری و اقتصاد، دانشگاه اصفهان( نویسنده مسئول)

³ دانشیار روابط بین الملل، دانشکده علوم اداری و اقتصاد، دانشگاه اصفهان

https://doi.org/10.22067/irlip.2021.68729.1027

چکیده

ایالات متحده پس از پایان جنگ سرد، به‌ویژه در دوره اوباما و ترامپ، نقش پیچیده و مبهمی در روابط امنیتی اتحادیه اروپا و روسیه داشته است. آمریکا، به‌گونه‌ای ناملموس در روابط امنیتی اتحادیه اروپا‌ـ‌روسیه دخالت می‌کند و تنش و همکاری میان این کشور و روسیه، بر چالش‌های امنیتی روسیه و اتحادیه اروپا بسیار تأثیرگذار است. پرسش اصلی پژوهش پیش‌رو این است که «ایالات متحده، در دو دهۀ اخیر، چگونه و با چه سازوکاری بر چالش‌های امنیتی روسیه و اتحادیه اروپا تأثیر گذاشته است؟» پاسخ، این است که «ایالات متحده با روسیه درگیر جنگی ترکیبی است و با ابزارهای جنگ ترکیبی بر تداوم و تعمیق چالش‌های امنیتی روسیه و اتحادیه اروپا (بحران اکراین، گسترش اتحادیه اروپا، و گسترش ناتو) تأثیر گذاشته است». روش پژوهش حاضر، اسنادی است و داده‌ها از مقاله‌ها و کتاب‌های مرتبط با موضوع، گردآوری شده‌اند و نقش ایالات متحده در چالش‌های امنیتی روسیه و اتحادیه اروپا را نیز با استفاده از چارچوب نظری جنگ ترکیبی جی.‌کولین و جننیرود.ای، بررسی و تحلیل کرده است. یافته‌های پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که ایالات متحده، به‌منظور مهار روسیه، از ابزارهای جنگ ترکیبی (اطلاعاتی، اقتصادی، سیاسی، نظامی، و مدنی) برای تداوم و تعمیق چالش‌های امنیتی روسیه و اتحادیه اروپا (بحران اکراین، گسترش اتحادیه اروپا و گسترش ناتو) استفاده کرده است. مهم‌ترین ابزار ایالات متحده در جنگ ترکیبی با روسیه، ابزار اطلاعاتی، سیاسی، و اقتصادی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• جنگ ترکیبی
• ایالات متحده
• اتحادیه اروپا
• روسیه
• چالش‌های امنیتی

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