نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانش آموخته دکتری اندیشه سیاسی از موسسه مطالعات فرهنگی و اجتماعی وزارت علوم، تحقیقات و فناوری (نویسنده مسئول)
2 دانشیار گروه علوم سیاسی دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی (ره) - قزوین
چکیده
هدف مقاله حاضر، بررسی ریشه‌های دیدگاه غرب‌ستیزانۀ اسلام‌گرایی رادیکال (مورد داعش) و مقایسۀ آن با ایدئولوژی سیاسی جایگزین غربی، در شکل توتالیتر آن (مارکسیسمـلنینیسم) است. این مقایسه برپایۀ بازسازی نظریۀ سیاسی سید قطب، مهم‌ترین نظریه‌پرداز اسلام‌گرایی رادیکال در دوران معاصر، و ولادیمیر لنین، نظریه‌پرداز مارکسیسمـلنینیسم انجام شده است. با وجود تمام تفاوت‌های این دو دیدگاه، می‌توان مبانی مشابهی را در این دو نظریه‌پردازی و اندیشه‌ورزی یافت: «تاریخ بشر، به‌عنوان نبرد مرگ و زندگی میان خیر و شر قلمداد می‌شود که در هر دو نظریه، شر موجودیت بشر را تهدید می‌کند. دراین‌میان، افرادی هستند که شخصیتی همراه با خیر دارند و دارای مأموریت یا رسالت هستند تا بشریت را از شر نجات دهند و سرانجام، آرمان‌شهر جامعۀ بی‌طبقه را تحقق بخشند؛ در چنین فرایندی، مبارزه و منازعه، امری طبیعی است و باید برای ایجاد جامعه‌ای متشکل از پیروان عقیدۀ راستین تلاش کرد» پرسش و مسئله اصلی این مقاله، این است که «آیا دو جریان اسلام‌گرایی رادیکال (مورد داعش) و مارکسیسم - لنینیسم (بلشویسم) قابل مقایسه هستند؟» و اینکه « چه شباهت‌ها و تفاوت‌هایی میان این دو جریان وجود دارد؟» یافته این مقاله این است که اسلام‌گرایی رادیکال، یک ایدئولوژی پیشامدرن نیست، بلکه فراتراز‌آن، می‌توان آن را ایدئولوژی‌ای به‌شمار آورد که پیروان خود را (با تأکید بر این موضوع که این جوامع در تحقق وعدۀ اصلی خود، یعنی آزادی، شکست خورده‌اند) به نقد جامعۀ لیبرال تحریک و تشویق می‌کند. روش پژوهش در این مقاله، توصیفی‌ـ‌تحلیلی مبتنی‌بر منابع اسنادی‌ـ‌کتابخانه‌ای است.
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)
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