نوع مقاله : مقالات

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد علوم سیاسی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

2 دانشیار علوم سیاسی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

3 استاد علوم سیاسی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

جنگ داخلی سوریه محصول مجموعه­ای پیچیده از عوامل داخلی و خارجی است. در این پژوهش، علل داخلی بروز بحران سوریه از زاویه روند تحول مناسبات قومی و مذهبی در این کشور بررسی می‌شود. پرسش پژوهش آن است که سیاست‌های قومی–مذهبی دولت‌های سوریه چه تأثیری بر مناسبات اقوام و مذاهب در این کشور و نهایتاً بروز بحران کنونی داشته‌اند. این پژوهش بازه زمانی فروپاشی امپراتوری عثمانی تا 2018 را دربرمی‌گیرد. روش تحقیق تاریخی بوده و چارچوب نظری آن «الگوهای سیاست قومی» ارائه شده توسط مارتین مارجر است. طبق یافته‌های این پژوهش، سیاست‌ قومی‌‌مذهبی  حکومت سوریه در دوره قیمومیت فرانسه، الگوی تکثرگرایی‌نابرابر با هدف برجسته کردن هر چه بیشتر تمایزات میان اقلیت‌های قومی‌‌مذهبی  و اکثریت عرب سنی سوریه به منظور متحد کردن آن‌ها علیه جریان استقلال‌طلبی سوریه برپایه ناسیونالیسم عرب سنی بوده است. سیاست‌های قومی‌– مذهبی حکومت‌های دوره استقلال نیز مبتنی بر الگوی همانند‌سازی فرهنگی و ساختاری در مورد اکثریت عرب سنی و اقلیت‌ها بوده است. این سیاست در مورد کردها متضمن تکثرگرایی‌نابرابر شدید به صورت تلاش برای اخراج و نابودسازی فیزیکی و فرهنگی آن‌ها نیز بود. فرضیه پژوهش آن است که سیاست‌‌ تکثرگرایی نابرابر دولت قیم فرانسوی حاکم بر سوریه و سیاست همانندسازی دولت‌های دوران استقلال، علی‌رغم اهداف متضاد، در یک جهت حرکت کرده و موجب بروز حس سوءظن، بی‌اعتمادی و احساس‌خطر دائمی هم در حکومت‌ها و هم در گروه‌های قومی‌‌مذهبی  و نهایتاً تداوم و تشدید منازعات اقوام و مذاهب در این کشور شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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