مقالات
Ali Bagheri Dolatabadi; jafar Hanani
Abstract
Abstract
Ferdowsi's Shahnameh is a Persian literature masterpiece. While this book has generally been studied from literary and historical perspectives, little attention has been paid to its political aspects. The main question of the present research is that what International Relations theoretical ...
Read More
Abstract
Ferdowsi's Shahnameh is a Persian literature masterpiece. While this book has generally been studied from literary and historical perspectives, little attention has been paid to its political aspects. The main question of the present research is that what International Relations theoretical approaches Ferdowsi’s vision is closer to? Can Ferdowsi be considered a political realist or an idealist? For this purpose, we attempt to assess Ferdowsi's thoughts taking advantage of the most important features of the two Realist and Idealist theories through a comparative method. The findings of the research show that while Ferdowsi is close to constructivist theory in terms of meta-theory, in his theoretical debates he must be considered a realist. This point is especially apparent in Ferdowsi's interpretations of human nature, war, power and security. It is worth Noting that his realism is not similar to Hobbes and Waltz, and is somewhat like "Idealist Realism".
مقالات
hossain daheshiar; nozar nazari
Abstract
Utilizing the Copenhagen School as the theoretical framework and the concept of securitization as the research methodology then relying on the concept of "Speech_Act" as the analytical framework, this article specifically addresses the policy of securitizing the Islamic Republic of Iran and the verbal ...
Read More
Utilizing the Copenhagen School as the theoretical framework and the concept of securitization as the research methodology then relying on the concept of "Speech_Act" as the analytical framework, this article specifically addresses the policy of securitizing the Islamic Republic of Iran and the verbal and practical aspects of this policy in the context of US foreign policy system in the post-9/11 period. According to Copenhagen, the definition of the identity of actor is a socially constructed and interdisciplinary matter. The concept of securitization is the central concept of Copenhagen's security theory, according to which in terms of sensitivity issues are divided into three categories: public issues, political issues, and security issues. According to this theory, the process of identity definition is first created with the verbal definition of the actors, and then, with the adoption of security policies, will be completed . What was the policy of the Bush administration and the Obama administration at the time of the presidency? What are the differences and similarities between the Bush's and Obama's policy toward Iran? What was the process of encountering the two presidents with the nuclear program of the Islamic Republic of Iran? The present research addresses these questions.
مقالات
Seyyed Jalal Dehghani Firouz Abadi; Hossein Salimi; mohammad hossein monadizadeh
Abstract
Abstract
An assessment of the developments in Indo-American relations reveals the numerous ups and downs in the relations between the two countries. Since 1990 and after developments in the global economy and adoption of a market-based economic policy by India, however, New Delhi has moved toward ...
Read More
Abstract
An assessment of the developments in Indo-American relations reveals the numerous ups and downs in the relations between the two countries. Since 1990 and after developments in the global economy and adoption of a market-based economic policy by India, however, New Delhi has moved toward restructuring its relations with Washington. In addition, the US policy of developing economic relations with emerging economies during the Clinton’s administration paved the way for Washington to reorient its perceptions toward India. Despite political and strategic considerations of George W. Bush’s administration and later developments in mutual relations between the US and India, any long-term perspective of cooperation between the two countries should concentrate on economic and strategic objectives. Based on this argument, the present article has endeavored to take advantage of qualitative methodology in order to analyze the relation between economic convergence and strategic logic which has not only resulted in the enhancement of economic flourishment but also has strengthened the strategic objectives of the two countries. What are the effects of global economic developments on the Indo-American relations? In answering this question, we can raise this hypothesis that economic developments and global markets have resulted in interdependency and proximity between India and the US. They have also contributed to further flexibilities by both countries while highlighting the importance of alliances for attaining strategic objectives. The findings of the article indicate that the United States’ need to international partners for creating supporting associations and the India’s efforts to obtain strategic autonomy through cooperation with the US and, concurrently, immunization of this restructuring by embarking on closer relations with other countries is tantamount to interdependence and unprecedented expansion of relations between New Delhi and Washington.
مقالات
Mehdi Zibaei; Reza Simbar; Ahmed Jansiz
Abstract
Abstract
Following the Arab Uprisings, the concept of the Middle East order refers to the post-uprising system. Meanwhile, there are various sub-national and super-national factors are involved and each of which must be individually analyzed. The physical presence and regional policies of the international ...
Read More
Abstract
Following the Arab Uprisings, the concept of the Middle East order refers to the post-uprising system. Meanwhile, there are various sub-national and super-national factors are involved and each of which must be individually analyzed. The physical presence and regional policies of the international great powers such as the US, Russia and the EU significantly affect the new system. These actors prevent any indigenous regional system from taking shape. Despite the plural aspects of the Middle East system within the mentioned era, the present research only aims to explain the impact of the behavior of the US, Russia and the EU towards the Arab Uprisings and its aftermath on the regional order. So, the hypothesis is that changing in the post-Arab uprisings era is affected by diverse factors (state-society complex, Ideological conflicts, regional rivalries and implication of international setting) and in this context the key powers are effective parts in this premise. Thus, this essay tries to bring the political behaviors of United States, Russia, and the European Union towards Arab uprisings and its implications under scrutiny through the international layer of the Historical Sociology of International Relations (HSIR) as the current article theoretical framework.
مقالات
alireza samiee esfahani; soghra farahmand
Abstract
Abstract
Following the ISIL invasion of northern Iraq, Kurdish Peshmerga unofficially took control of some parts of the northern Iraq abandoned by Iraqi forces and, as a result, consequently attempted to strengthen the independence of Kurdistan. This event has important internal and regional implications ...
Read More
Abstract
Following the ISIL invasion of northern Iraq, Kurdish Peshmerga unofficially took control of some parts of the northern Iraq abandoned by Iraqi forces and, as a result, consequently attempted to strengthen the independence of Kurdistan. This event has important internal and regional implications on the Iraqi Kurdistan region. Utilizing the Future Studies scenario technique, the current research aims to answer the following question: Given the Kurdish Peshmarga’s aim for the independent Kurdistan, how their political future can be best predicted? This investigation provides five scenarios in three categories: a) Prefarable scenario: Kurdistan climate negotiations with the central government of Iraq, Iran, Turkey, the United States and its western allies, and the declaration of independence of Kurdistan; the independence of the Kurdistan region and the utilizing Erbil's economic capabilities to influence future actions and reactions (B) Probable scenario: mediating a third actor, and enjoying economic and political privileges via taking part in the disputed areas administration; creating a confederal system in return for postponing or abandoning the independence of Kurdistan; Immediate announcement of the independence of Iraqi Kurdistan after the possible failure of talks with the central government of Iraq and the rest of regional and international states (C) Possible scenario: creation of a great Kurdistan. The findings of the present study indicate that the consequences of the referendum of September 25, 2017, have affected the Kurdistan region. Therefore, if the Kurdish government can not overcome this crisis, many of the current achievements in the economic sphere will lose political, social and cultural freedom.
مقالات
alireza sahraee; mohsen khalili; Mortaza Menshadi; Rohollah Islami
Abstract
Abstract
This paper studies the writings of Mohammad Ali Foroughi, an influential Pahlavi era politician to construct a continuum of power according to the analytical model of Christopher Hill. This research aims to find out what aspects of the contimuim of power Foroughi was more interested in. We ...
Read More
Abstract
This paper studies the writings of Mohammad Ali Foroughi, an influential Pahlavi era politician to construct a continuum of power according to the analytical model of Christopher Hill. This research aims to find out what aspects of the contimuim of power Foroughi was more interested in. We hypothesize that he preferred soft power over hard power because he knew Iran did not possess the essentials of hard power. This research follows the descriptive-analytical methodology to analyze relevant written sources.
مقالات
Abdolreza Alishahi; Younes Forouzan; Hossein Masoudnia
Abstract
Abstract
Having won the majority in the 2018 Iraqi parliamentary general elections, the Sauron coalition headed by Muqtada al-Sadr attempts to stabilize the country, maintain security and run economic development plans. This article aims to answer the following question: what are the most important ...
Read More
Abstract
Having won the majority in the 2018 Iraqi parliamentary general elections, the Sauron coalition headed by Muqtada al-Sadr attempts to stabilize the country, maintain security and run economic development plans. This article aims to answer the following question: what are the most important features and indicators of the Sadr Pan-Shi'ite movement in the post-ISIS Iraq? Taking advantage of the theory of social gaps, the authors found out the Sadr's current three major political approaches: Sadr's personal authoritarianism, his pragmatic dialogue with the Sunnis and the Saudi Wahhabism, and his extreme nationalism. In addition to these three main causes, three other factors have been considered as facilitating factors: the lack of interference of Najaf's authority in political affairs, challenges with The Popular Mobilization Forces and the ambiguous stance towards the Islamic Republic of Iran and Syria. The research method of this paper is explanative and based on the written and virtual resources.
مقالات
gholamali ghasemi; mohamad setayeshpur
Abstract
Abstract
Piracy has damaged Islamic Republic of Iran in a few past decades. The United Nations Security Council as the main entity to maintain international peace and security, several times (including the issuance of two resolutions in November 2016) has reiterated and emphasized on the need for confronting ...
Read More
Abstract
Piracy has damaged Islamic Republic of Iran in a few past decades. The United Nations Security Council as the main entity to maintain international peace and security, several times (including the issuance of two resolutions in November 2016) has reiterated and emphasized on the need for confronting modern piracy. Although being in the framework of recommendation, the resolutions issued by the UNSC contains momentous points including identification of modern piracy as a threat to international peace and security, the need for international cooperation and manifestation of cooperative law, the need for contact group, applying all necessary means and measures and the need to indication of various provision. scrutinizing elements of the evolution in the crime of piracy and current mechanisms of contemporary international law and specifically Iran in light of means has been recommended in Security Council resolutions, it would be said applying current capacities, specially universal jurisdiction is more appropriate than waiting for establishing a special court. Although the council stipulates the establishment of a special court, the works and phrases of this entity, especially in comparing to its previous works indicates a lack of serious determination of it. It should be noted that strengthening Somalia government in exercising authority over sovereignty is the essential way to prevent the said piracy. Implementing these works by regional institutions, including the African union would be more effective.
مقالات
zahra mobini keshe; Ali Omidi
Abstract
Abstract
In the 21th century, terrorism has distinct trends and attributes. Although terrorism is not confined to this century, but global Attention more than ever was drawn to terrorist organizations and groups after September 11, 2001. In fact this was the time when terrorism and how to fight against ...
Read More
Abstract
In the 21th century, terrorism has distinct trends and attributes. Although terrorism is not confined to this century, but global Attention more than ever was drawn to terrorist organizations and groups after September 11, 2001. In fact this was the time when terrorism and how to fight against it became one of the paradigms of analyzing in international relations and global politics. Given the growing level of terrorist threats, its international scope and the possibility of using unconventional weapons, it seems necessary to explain and recognize future trends of the global terrorism for confronting it. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to answer this question that “what changes are going to happen to trends, methods and activities of terrorist groups”. Analyzing the existing data based on trend analysis indicates that: terrorists will seek more unconventional weapons, cyber and Internet terrorism will increase and Terrorists will do more suicide Attacks and foreign terrorist fighters will manage future terrorist organizations.
مقالات
Fatemeh Mohseni Jayhani; Seyd Ahmad Tabatabiei
Abstract
Abstract
The advancement of technology of weapons has led to efforts to develop fully autonomous weapons. These robotic weapons will be able to automatically choose and shoot target in the battlefield. This capability raises a number of fundamental challenges regarding the use of these weapons in accordance ...
Read More
Abstract
The advancement of technology of weapons has led to efforts to develop fully autonomous weapons. These robotic weapons will be able to automatically choose and shoot target in the battlefield. This capability raises a number of fundamental challenges regarding the use of these weapons in accordance with human rights and humanitarian law. This paper examines, in particular, the ability of these weapons to protect civilians and to observe the principles of non-discrimination and proportionality. Opponents of the use of fully autonomous weapons argue that since these weapons are not capable of understanding the complexities of the battlefields, their use contradict with the humanitarian law requirements. On the other hand, advocates of the use of autonomous weapons claim that laws are progressing, and this progress has the capacity to regulate and control these weapons in the light of humanitarian law. This study concludes that fully autonomous weapons can be used in outlying areas, deserts, and marine areas that are free of ordinary civilians, and that these weapons can act as well as human beings and observe the principles of discrimination and proportionality; while there are serious doubts in concern with the capabilities of such weapons in other.
