Document Type : مقالات

Authors

University of Isfahan

Abstract

Abstract
In the 21th century, terrorism has distinct trends and attributes. Although terrorism is not confined to this century, but global Attention more than ever was drawn to terrorist organizations and groups after September 11, 2001. In fact this was the time when terrorism and how to fight against it became one of the paradigms of analyzing in international relations and global politics. Given the growing level of terrorist threats, its international scope and the possibility of using unconventional weapons, it seems necessary to explain and recognize future trends of the global terrorism for confronting it. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to answer this question that “what changes are going to happen to trends, methods and activities of terrorist groups”. Analyzing the existing data based on trend analysis indicates that: terrorists will seek more unconventional weapons, cyber and Internet terrorism will increase and Terrorists will do more suicide Attacks and foreign terrorist fighters will manage future terrorist organizations.

Keywords

References
Aditya raj, A. (2014). Globalization and the Origin of New Terrorism: Perspectives and Challenges, Constituent Unit of Magadh University, Bodh Gaya. http://paperroom.ipsa.org.
Alvanou, M. (2015). Terrorism through Suicide Bombings. Presentation Tuebingen.doc.
Armstrong, K. (2003). Our Role in the Terror: the West Must Accept Its Share of the Blame for the Growth of Fundamentalist Violence, The Guardian.
Andrew, R. (2008). Cyber- Terrorism: The Shape of Future Conflict. The RUSI Journal. 142(5), 1997.
Baylis, J., & Smith, S. (2005). The Globalization of World Politics, an Introduction to International Relations, Oxford University Press.
Bell, W. (2003). Foundation of Futures Studies: History, Purposes, and Knowledge (Human Science for New Era), London: Transaction Publishers.
Bergen, P., & Hoffman, B. (2010). Assessing the Terrorist Threat. Bipartisan Policy Center.
Bidaki, M., & Balali Mood, M. (2015). Bioterrorism and biological warfare from past to present, (A classic review article), Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences. (in Persian)
Briggs, R., & Silverman, T. (2014). Western Foreign Fighters Innovations in Responding to the Threat, Institute for Strategic Dialogue.
CNN. (2018). ISIS Goes Global: 143 Attacks in 29 Countries Have Killed 2,043. https://edition.cnn.com.
Colarik, Andrew M. (2006). Cyber Terrorism Political and Economic Implication, Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
Cpostdata. (2016). Suicide Attack Database, http://cpostdata.uchicago.edu.
Dorothy E. D. (1999). Activism, Hacktivism, and Cyber- terrorism: the Internet as a tool for Influencing Foreign Policy, Nautilus Institute.
Forrest, C. (2018). Cyber Attacks Are Third Largest Threat to Global Society over Next 5 Years. www.schinnerer.com.
Ganor B. (2005). The feasibility of post-modern terrorism, Interdisciplinary Center Publishing House.
Ganor, B. (2009). Trends in Modern International Terrorism, International Institute for Counter-Terrorism (ICT).
Global Terrorism Database. (2017). https://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/.
Hajiani. (2007). Future Studies and its Role in Strategic Research, Strategic Quarterly.
Henkel, R. (2004). Terrorism, New War Form of war, Translator: Ahmad Vahidyan Ghaffari, Mashhad, Sokhan Costar publication
Hinde, S. (2001). Incalculable Potential for Damage by Cyber Terrorism: computers And Security, Syngress publication.
Hippel, K. (2002). The Roots of Terrorism: Probing the Myths, The political Quarterly.
Hoffman, B. (2006). Inside Terrorism, New York: Columbia University Press.
Holmer, G., & Shtuni, A. (2017). Returning Foreign Fighters and the Reintegration Imperative, United States Institute of Peace. www.usip.org.
Johnston, R. (2017). Summary of Historical Attacks Using Chemical or Biological Weapons. http://www.johnstonsarchive.net.
Khalaf Rezaei, H. (2013). Cyber-Attacks from the perspective of international law (Stuxnet case study), Majles and Strategic Quarterly. (in Persian).
Klausen, J. (2015). Tweeting the Jihad: Social Media Networks of Western Foreign Fighters in Syria and Iraq. https://doi.org.
Mahmoudi, B. (2006). Introduction to Future Studies and its Methods, Tehran: Strategic Research Center. (in Persian).
McLaughlin, J. (2016). Islamic State and WMD: A Future Nightmare? http://www.ozy.com/.
Morgan, S. (2017). Cybercrime damages will cost the world $6 trillion annually by 2021, 2017 Cybercrime Report.
Motaghi, E. (2009). Terrorism and new social-political movements, Politics Journal. (in Persian).
Mozafari, A. (2010). Future Studies, The passageway from the boundaries of knowledge, Journal of security and order. (in Persian).
Overton, I. (2016). Will 2017 see more suicide bombings? Sadly, probably yes. www.theguardian.com
Proteus, (2008). 55 Trends Now Shaping the Future of Terrorism. Creates pace Independent Publishing Platform.
BBC. (2016). Paris Attacks: Who were the Attackers? https://www.bbc.com.
Peachey, P. (2018). ISIL likely to switch to cyber war after battlefield loss. www.thenAtional.ae.
Pop, V. (2016). Islamic State Claims Khalid and Ibrahim El-Bakraoui Were Organizers of Paris and Brussels Attacks, Wall Street Journal.
Porsaeed, F. (2009). The Transformation of Terrorism in International Relations. Strategic Studies Journal, Volume 12, Issue 4. (in Persian).
Rapoport, D. (2013). The Four Waves of Modern Terror: International Dimensions and Consequences. In an International History of Terrorism: Western and Non- Western Experiences, Edited by Jussi M. Hanhimaki and Bernhard Blumenau.
Reed, J. (2015). After the Attack in Sydney, Australia, Reuters. https://qz.com.
Rey, J. (2016). Business Cyber Attacks Top 4,000 per Day: You’re Guide to Ransomware. www.entrepreneur.com.
Salmanizadeh, M. (2001). Information and Security War, Informatics Newsletter. Tehran: Planning and Budget Organization of the country. (in Persian).
Statista. (2018). Number of casualties due to terrorism worldwide between 2006 and 2016. www.stAtista.com.
Suicide Attack Database. (2015). From Chicago Project on Security and Terrorism. http://cpostdAta.uchicago.edu/.
Schmitt. (2013). Tallinn Manual on the International Law Applicable to Cyber Warfare. Cambridge University press.
The National Intelligence Council. (2012). Global Trend 2030: Alternative worlds, www.dni.gov/nic/globaltrends.
The Soufan Group. (2015). Foreign Fighters: an Updated Assessment of the Flow of Foreign Fighters into Syria and Iraq. http://soufangroup.com.
Thomson, J. A. (2003). Killer apes on American airlines. Or how religion was the main hijacker on September 11, Violence or Dialogue: Psychoanalytic Insights on Terror and Terrorism. International Psychoanalytical Association.
Threat Tactics Report. (2016). Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. http://www.theAtlantic.com.
White House. (2003). National Strategy for Combating Terrorism.
Woody, C., & Nudelman, M. (2017). Here's how many foreign ISIS fighters have returned home from the battlefield. http://www.businessinsider.com.
CAPTCHA Image