Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1 PhD student in International Relations, Isfahan Azad University
2 Assistant Professor of Islamic Azad University of Isfahan
Abstract
Justice and Development Party's Given the geopolitical situation, Territorial geography Connecting to Europe and proximity to Russia and the Middle East On the one hand, and exploiting ideological issues, And historical and cultural commonalities on the other, Foreign policy development is pursued aimed at achieving regional hegemony, Access to energy resources and takeover of Middle Eastern markets, Which challenged both the existing order in the region and relations with Iran, So this article is trying to investigate AKP policies and their effects on Islamic Republic of Iran's foreign policy in the Middle East?
This article has covered with a descriptive-analytical approach and using library and documentary information to investigate AKP foreign policy in the region. Research data show That the AKP is trying to do Emphasizing on ideological issues and taking advantage of the role of religion in expanding its influence in the peripheral areas, And on the other hand, it seeks to increase its relative power and increase its acting power in the Middle East Emphasizing structural and geopolitical features, That creates a kind of competition and conflict while working with the Islamic Republic of Iran And direct and indirect effects Both structurally and identically It has influence on Iran and its spheres of influence in the region.
Keywords
Abdi, A., Hosseini, S. & Sadeghi, V. (2016). Reconstruction of the Developments
in Southwest Asia based on the Geopolitical Rivalries between Iran and Turkey.
Foreign Policy Quarterly, 29 (2), 117-139. (in Persian).
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141, (in Persian).
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Intent. A Thesis Submitted to Johns Hopkins University in Conformity with
the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Global Security Studies.
August.
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East. I.B. Tauris, Bloomsbury Publishing Plc.
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Election Redo. The New York Times, ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 20 August
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https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiab082
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Ottomanism and Foreign Policy of Turkey. Political Studies of Islamic World,
2(7), 35-60. (in Persian).
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Stage). Translated by Mohammad Hossein Nouhinejad, second edition, Tehran,
Publications: Amirkabir. (in Persian).
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Second Edition, Tehran, Samt Publishers. (in Persian).
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Several Years of Development in the Arab World. Political Studies of Islamic
World, 4(2), 95-119. (in Persian).
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An Introductions. Translated by Alireza Tayeb, Tehran, Ney Publications. (in
Persian).
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and Compling University Books in Humanitics (SAMT), Institute for Research
and Development in the Humanities. (in Persian).
Haghpanah, J. (2015). Turkey’s New Foreign Policy in the Middle East. Political
and International Researches Quarterly, 6(22), 135-166, (in Persian).
in Southwest Asia based on the Geopolitical Rivalries between Iran and Turkey.
Foreign Policy Quarterly, 29 (2), 117-139. (in Persian).
Afghanistan Reform Newspaper (2016). The Policies of Neo-Ottomanism or
Arab NATO, 2(256). Available at: https://af.shafaqna.com/FA. (in Persian).
Ahmadian, G., Daneshnia, F., & Karamian, K. (2017). Identity and Middle
Eastern Foreign Policy of Iran and Turkey in Syria. World Politics, 5(4), 173-
141, (in Persian).
Ajili , H., & Ghoraishi, S.M. (2014). Turkey's Foreign Policy towards the Syrian
Crisis: Origins, Goals and Implications. Middle East Studies Quarterly, 20(2),
99. (in Persian).
Al Jazeera English (2011). Al Jazeera Investigates, The Palestine Papers, Day 3,
January 25.
Amiri, M. & Abedi Safdarabad, M. (2014). The Role of the Syrian Crisis on the
Kurdish Separatism of Turkey and Iraq. 7th International Virtual Conference on
New Developments in Iran and the World, Qazvin, available at: https://civilica.
com/doc. (in Persian).
authoritarianism, Faratab, (23 july2017-17:50). Available at: http://www.faratab.
com. (in Persian).
Bahrami, S. (2017). Deviation from Neo- Ottomanism and the Coup d'état in
Turkey. Strategic Studies Quarterly, 19( 73), 31-68. (in Persian).
Bani Hashemi, M. Q.(2013). Turkey's New Foreign Policy and the Regional
Position of the Islamic Republic. Journal of Sacred Defense, 1(4). (in Persian).
Barkin, J. S. (2003). Realist Constructivism. International Studies Review, 5(3).
Bayram, S. (2021). Turkey-Iran Relations after the JDP. Institut français d’études
anatoliennes, Fransız Anadolu Araştırmaları Enstitüsü.
Bleau, P. (2014). Realist Constructivism: Understanding Foreign Policy
Intent. A Thesis Submitted to Johns Hopkins University in Conformity with
the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Global Security Studies.
August.
Cagaptay, S. (2020). Erdogan’s Empire; Turkey and the Politics of the Middle
East. I.B. Tauris, Bloomsbury Publishing Plc.
Carlotta, G. (2019). Turkey's President Suffers Stinging Defeat in Istanbul
Election Redo. The New York Times, ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 20 August
2019.
Dalacoura, K. (2021). Turkish Foreign Policy in the Middle East: Power Projection and Post-Ideological Politics. International Affairs, 97(4), 1125–1142,
https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiab082
Daneshnia, f., ahmadeian, G., & Hashemi, M. (2013). Historical Identity, Neo-
Ottomanism and Foreign Policy of Turkey. Political Studies of Islamic World,
2(7), 35-60. (in Persian).
Davutoglu, A. (2016). Strategic Depth (Turkey's Position on the International
Stage). Translated by Mohammad Hossein Nouhinejad, second edition, Tehran,
Publications: Amirkabir. (in Persian).
Dehghani Firoozabadi, J. (2013). Foreign Policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
Second Edition, Tehran, Samt Publishers. (in Persian).
Deutsche Welle, Turkey fired 15,000 Training Staff (19/7/2016). Available at:
https://www.dw.com. (in Persian).
Ebrahimi, S., Ebrahimi, T. & Shahglee, S. (2016). Study Geopolitics Effects
of Relations Turkey and Israel on Profits Iran in Caspian Area. Central Eurasia
Studies, 7(2), 195-218. (in Persian).
Eivazi, M.R., & Hosseini, A. (2015). Future of Turkish-Iranian Relations after
Several Years of Development in the Arab World. Political Studies of Islamic
World, 4(2), 95-119. (in Persian).
Faltzgraf, R. & Deorti, J. (2006). Conflicting Theories in International Relations,
Translated by Alireza Tayeb, Vahid Bozorgi. Fourth Edition, Tehran, Ghoomes
Publication. (in Persian).
Flahh, R. (2013). The Nature of Turkish Foreign Policy in the Era of the AKP,
Center for Sustainable Knowledge Security Studies. Research Institute of
Defense and Security Sciences. Imam Hossein University. (in Persian).
GauthierVillars, David (2019). In Setback for Erdogan, Opposition Candidate
Wins Istanbul Mayor Seat. Wall Street Journal. 23 June 2019.
Gholizadeh, S. I. (2013). Political-Security Consequences of Increasing
Turkey's Regional Power Over the Interests of the Islamic Republic in West
Asia. Scientific Journal of Security Horizons, 6(19). (in Persian).
Griffiths, M. (2013). International Relations Theory for the Twenty-First Century:
An Introductions. Translated by Alireza Tayeb, Tehran, Ney Publications. (in
Persian).
Hafeznia, M.R. (2014). Political Geography of Iran. The Center for Studying
and Compling University Books in Humanitics (SAMT), Institute for Research
and Development in the Humanities. (in Persian).
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and International Researches Quarterly, 6(22), 135-166, (in Persian).
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Theory and Practice. Translated by Asgar Ghahramanpour, Tehran, Amirkabir
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and Arrangements. Geopolitics Quarterly, 7(21), 136-167. (in Persian).
Hatami, M.R. (2016). The Role of Developments in Syria in National Security
of Islamic Republic of Iran. Quarterly Journal of Political Research in Islamic
World, 5(4), 27-50. (in Persian).
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International Orientation? Comparative Strategy. Norwegian Institute for
Defence Studies, Oslo, Norway. 38 (3), 206-223 , Published Online: 17 Jun 2019.
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Strategic Autonomy or New Forms of Dependence?. International Affairs, 97(4),
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Theory and Practice. Translated by Asgar Ghahramanpour, Tehran, Amirkabir
Publications. (in Persian).
Hashemi, F. (136-167). Sustainable Development in the Persian Gulf: Obstacles
and Arrangements. Geopolitics Quarterly, 7(21), 136-167. (in Persian).
Hatami, M.R. (2016). The Role of Developments in Syria in National Security
of Islamic Republic of Iran. Quarterly Journal of Political Research in Islamic
World, 5(4), 27-50. (in Persian).
Haugom, L. (2019). Turkish Foreign Policy Under Erdogan: A Change in
International Orientation? Comparative Strategy. Norwegian Institute for
Defence Studies, Oslo, Norway. 38 (3), 206-223 , Published Online: 17 Jun 2019.
Heine Bush, R. (2012). Foreign Policy of Middle Eastern Countries. Translated
by Rahman Ghahramanpour, Morteza Sabah, Tehran, Imam Sadegh University
Press. (in Persian).
Hürriyet Haber (2016). (November 3), http://www.hurriyet.com.tr
Idiz, s. (2016). Turkish-us Ties face Fresh Turbulence Over Iraq, Syria. Al-
Monitor. Retrieved April 6, 2016, from http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/tr/
originals/2016/01.
Khabiri, K., Mohammadi, M. (2017). Impact of Barjam on Iran's Position in
West Asian Equations. Research Letter of International Relations, 10(37), 83-
104. (in Persian).
Khalaj Monfared, A. (2017). Authoritarianism of Erdogan and Justice and
Development Party (AK Party) in Turkey and its Consequences. Contemporary
Political Studies. 7(22), 67-91. (in Persian).
Kutlay, M., & Öniş, Z. (2021). Turkish Foreign Policy in a Post-Western Order:
Strategic Autonomy or New Forms of Dependence?. International Affairs, 97(4),
1085–1104.
Lowen, M. (2019). Can Erdogan bounce back from big Turkey defeat?. Retrieved
6 August 2019, Quora. https://www.quora.com.
Mashregh (2017). The Quadripartite Anti-Iranian Coalition at the Most Secure
Summit of the Year. On https://www.mashreghnews.ir/. (in Persian).
Masoudnia, H. & Najafi, D. (2012). Turkey's New Foreign Policy and Security
Threats to the Islamic Republic of Iran. Scientific Journal of Security Horizons,
4(13), (in Persian).
Masuodnia, H. & Froghi, A. (2013). Turkey and Syria Crisis, from Mediation to
Support of the Syrian Opposition. Political Studies of Islamic World. 4(4), 83-
110, (in Persian).
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Persian).
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Fourteenth edition. Tehran: SAMT Publications. (in Persian).
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Arab World Upheavals on Iran-Turkey Regional Policies. Geopolitics Quarterly,
12(41), 166-188. (in Persian).
Movassaghi, A., Alizadeh, S. (2014). Turkey’s Developmental Foreign Policy
during the AKP Period: The Caucasian Case. Central Eurasia Studies, 7(2), 375-
393. (in Persian).
Naghdinjad, H. (2009). Iran-Turkey Relations: Areas of Cooperation and
Competition. Islamic Azad University Publications, Science Production
Development Office, Strategic Research Center (Iran). (in Persian).
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(2021). Turkey as a Regional Security Actor in the Black Sea, The Mediterranean,
and the Levant Region, Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI Report R 2021:
2). 68.
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Policy and its Regional Effects in the Middle East. Political Science Quarterly,
14(44), 37-61. (in Persian).
Oğuzlu, H. T. (2020). Turkish Foreign Policy in a Changing World Order. All
Azimuth, 9 (1).
Omidi, A. (2012). Dark Clouds Over the Future of Iran-Turkey Relations:
The Art of Diplomacy is to Maintain a Relationship, Not to Sever it. Iranan
diplomacy, available at: http://irdiplomacy.ir. (in Persian).
Perlez, j. (2019). US Opposing China's Answer to World Bank. New York Times,
Oct 2019, Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/10/world/asia/chinas
Pezeshki, M. (2018). Are the Relations Between Turkey and Azerbaijan Still the Relations of One Nation in the Form of Two Governments?. Fars News Agency.
International, 09:56 12-6-1393, available at: https://www.farsnews.ir/news. (in
Persian).
Pichan, A. & Besharti, M.R. (2012). Turkey, the European Union and the political
security of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Defense and Security Studies Summer,
65 (3), 57-86. (in Persian).
Rezaie, M. (2017). Nature of Competition and Conflict between Iran and Turkey
in Syria and Iraq. Research Letter of Political Science, 12(1), 71-100. (in Persian).
Rubin, M. (2010). Turkey, from Ally to Enemy The Disastrous Transformation
of the Only Successful Muslim Country in the Middle East. Commentary‘Middle
East’, available at: July/August 2010, On https://www.commentary.org.
Salamti, A. (2016). Turkish Islamist Foreign Policy. Second Edition, Tehran,
Islamic Revolution Documentation Center Publications. (in Persian).
Sanaie, A., Kaviyanpor, M. (2016). The Rise OF ISIS and Its Impact on Foreign
Policy of Islamic Republic of Iran. Research Letter of International Relations,
9(34), 145-166. (in Persian).
Savagheb, J., zakii, T. (2016). Analysis on Backgrounds of Zehab Treaty and
its Consequences on the Safavid Government. Journal of Historical Researches,
8(3), 1-24. (in Persian).
Soltani nejad, A., Ebrahimi, N., Najafi, M. (2016). Interests and Considerations
of Regional Powers in Syria Crisis. Political Studies of Islamic World, 5(1), 101-
130. (in Persian).
Tajik, H. & Seadati, A. (2016). A Study of Turkish Foreign Policy in the Period
of Islamists Towards Syria and Its Impact on the Security Environment of the
Islamic Republic of Iran. Journal of Defense Policy, 24(95) 109 -143. (in Persian).
Thamoudi Pilehroud, A. & Noor Ali Vand, Y. (2012). The Foreign Policy of
the Turkish Justice and Development Party on the Palestinian Issue. Palestinian
Studies, 16(1), 78-93. (in Persian).
Tremblay, P. (2015). Turkish Shiites Fear Growing Hate Crimes. Al Monitor,
July 11, available at: http://www.al monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/07.
Yeşiltaş, M. (2020). The Rise of Turkey’s ‘Military Activism’: The Causes,
Context and Strategic Implications. SETA Publications, 69(1).
Zaman, A. (2021). Erdogan's Islamic Credentials No Longer a Winning Hand
Among Turkey's Kurds, Al-Monitor. available at: http://www.al monitor.com
the So-Called Arab Spring Developments. Center for Scientific Research and
Strategic Studies of the Middle East, available at: https://www.cmess.ir/Page/
View/2015-03-15/217. (in Persian).
Mohagheghnia, H. Latifinia, A. & Ghasemi, N. (2018). Consequences and
Effects of Turkey's Neo-Ottoman Approach to Foreign Policy on the Middle
East. Quarterly Journal of Political Science, Law and Jurisprudence, 3 (1). (in
Persian).
Mohammad Sharifi, M. & Darabimanesh, M. (2013). American Grand Strategy
and Rotation of Turkey’s Foreign Policy in Middle East. Political Research In
Islamic World, 3(3), 127-150. (in Persian).
Moshirzadeh, H. (2021). Evolution in Theories of International Relations.
Fourteenth edition. Tehran: SAMT Publications. (in Persian).
Mousavi, S., Barzegar, K., Ghavam, S., & Zakerian, M. (2016). The Impact of
Arab World Upheavals on Iran-Turkey Regional Policies. Geopolitics Quarterly,
12(41), 166-188. (in Persian).
Movassaghi, A., Alizadeh, S. (2014). Turkey’s Developmental Foreign Policy
during the AKP Period: The Caucasian Case. Central Eurasia Studies, 7(2), 375-
393. (in Persian).
Naghdinjad, H. (2009). Iran-Turkey Relations: Areas of Cooperation and
Competition. Islamic Azad University Publications, Science Production
Development Office, Strategic Research Center (Iran). (in Persian).
Neset, S., Aydin, M. Balta, E., Kutlu Ataç, K., Dikici Bilgin, H., & Strand, A,
(2021). Turkey as a Regional Security Actor in the Black Sea, The Mediterranean,
and the Levant Region, Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI Report R 2021:
2). 68.
Nikokar, A., Goodarzi, M. (2018). Change of Identity Tenets in Turkey's Foreign
Policy and its Regional Effects in the Middle East. Political Science Quarterly,
14(44), 37-61. (in Persian).
Oğuzlu, H. T. (2020). Turkish Foreign Policy in a Changing World Order. All
Azimuth, 9 (1).
Omidi, A. (2012). Dark Clouds Over the Future of Iran-Turkey Relations:
The Art of Diplomacy is to Maintain a Relationship, Not to Sever it. Iranan
diplomacy, available at: http://irdiplomacy.ir. (in Persian).
Perlez, j. (2019). US Opposing China's Answer to World Bank. New York Times,
Oct 2019, Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/10/world/asia/chinas
Pezeshki, M. (2018). Are the Relations Between Turkey and Azerbaijan Still the Relations of One Nation in the Form of Two Governments?. Fars News Agency.
International, 09:56 12-6-1393, available at: https://www.farsnews.ir/news. (in
Persian).
Pichan, A. & Besharti, M.R. (2012). Turkey, the European Union and the political
security of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Defense and Security Studies Summer,
65 (3), 57-86. (in Persian).
Rezaie, M. (2017). Nature of Competition and Conflict between Iran and Turkey
in Syria and Iraq. Research Letter of Political Science, 12(1), 71-100. (in Persian).
Rubin, M. (2010). Turkey, from Ally to Enemy The Disastrous Transformation
of the Only Successful Muslim Country in the Middle East. Commentary‘Middle
East’, available at: July/August 2010, On https://www.commentary.org.
Salamti, A. (2016). Turkish Islamist Foreign Policy. Second Edition, Tehran,
Islamic Revolution Documentation Center Publications. (in Persian).
Sanaie, A., Kaviyanpor, M. (2016). The Rise OF ISIS and Its Impact on Foreign
Policy of Islamic Republic of Iran. Research Letter of International Relations,
9(34), 145-166. (in Persian).
Savagheb, J., zakii, T. (2016). Analysis on Backgrounds of Zehab Treaty and
its Consequences on the Safavid Government. Journal of Historical Researches,
8(3), 1-24. (in Persian).
Soltani nejad, A., Ebrahimi, N., Najafi, M. (2016). Interests and Considerations
of Regional Powers in Syria Crisis. Political Studies of Islamic World, 5(1), 101-
130. (in Persian).
Tajik, H. & Seadati, A. (2016). A Study of Turkish Foreign Policy in the Period
of Islamists Towards Syria and Its Impact on the Security Environment of the
Islamic Republic of Iran. Journal of Defense Policy, 24(95) 109 -143. (in Persian).
Thamoudi Pilehroud, A. & Noor Ali Vand, Y. (2012). The Foreign Policy of
the Turkish Justice and Development Party on the Palestinian Issue. Palestinian
Studies, 16(1), 78-93. (in Persian).
Tremblay, P. (2015). Turkish Shiites Fear Growing Hate Crimes. Al Monitor,
July 11, available at: http://www.al monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/07.
Yeşiltaş, M. (2020). The Rise of Turkey’s ‘Military Activism’: The Causes,
Context and Strategic Implications. SETA Publications, 69(1).
Zaman, A. (2021). Erdogan's Islamic Credentials No Longer a Winning Hand
Among Turkey's Kurds, Al-Monitor. available at: http://www.al monitor.com
)
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