Document Type : Original Article
Authors
University of Mazandaran
Abstract
During the previous years the geo-politic of South Asia has been a scene for competition of New-Delhi and Beijing thanks to the latter’s the Belt and Road Initiative. India views the initiative a threat for its national interests; on the one hand it could challenge India’s plan for becoming regional hegemony and on the other hand the initiative could weaken India’s position in the international system. For these reasons, New-Delhi has adopted some policies in which prevent China to become a regional hegemony through the Belt and Road Initiative and meanwhile improve its own position regionally and internationally. Accordingly, the main question of the research is what are India’s policies in order to confront threats of China’s belt and Road initiative? The hypothesis is that in order to confront the Belt and Road Initiative and China increasingly power in the framework of this initiative, India has adopted some policies and strategies in foreign policy arena such as creating competing commercial corridors, development of maritime transport infrastructures, strengthen economic convergence with regional countries, increase naval power and influence, strengthen regional multilateralism with the aim of expanding technical and trade cooperation also trans-regional coalition, with the aim of balance of power. The research method is qualitative based on analytical- explanatory approach. The qualitative data was collected from library and internet resources. Also theory of balance of power was utilized in order to analyze the subject matter.
Keywords
stage: an overview. Modern oriental studies. 2 (4), 71-79.[in Russia].
Asgarkhani, M. & Ghahremani, M. (2013). China’s Rising Power and the
Reaction of the United States and India to it. Quarterly Journal of Political and
International Research, 5(17), 33-53. [In Persian].
Bhalla, M. (2020). Thinking About the Indian Ocean and the Mausam Initiative.
India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs, 76(3), 361-374.
Blah, M. (2018). China’s Belt and Road Initiative and India’s Concerns.
Strategic Analysis, 42( 4), 313-332.
Brewster, D. (2015). An Indian Ocean dilemma: Sino-Indian rivalry and
China’s strategic vulnerability in the Indian Ocean. Journal of the Indian Ocean
Region, 11(1), 48-59.
Burchill, S. & et al. (2012). Theories of International Relations. (H. Moshirzadeh & R. Talebi, Trans.): Mizan Publishing. [In Persian].
Chan, L. H. (2020). Can China remake regional order? Contestation with India over
the Belt and Road Initiative. Global Change, Peace & Security, 32(2), 199-217.
Choudhury, A. (2018). “Strategic-Maritime Triangle in the Indian Ocean: An
Emerging Indo-US Naval Entente?. India Quarterly: A Journal of International
Affairs, 74(3), 305-325.
Cheginizade, Gh. (2014). Balance of Power and Strategic relations between
China and US, Foreign Relations Quarterly, 5(4), 227- 263. [In Persian]
Dehghani Firouzabadi, J. & Moradi, M. (2016). The United States and the Iran-
Russia Relations. Central Asia and The Caucasus Journal, 21(89), 65-91. [In
Persian].
Dunaeva, Yu.G. (2015). Indo-Asian region and Russia: pragmatism as a sign
of the
times. Topical issues of modern science. (39), 55-64.[in Russia].
Strategic Policies of Iran in the West Asia, The Iranian Research letter of International
Politics, 9(2), 159-209. [In Persian]
Freeman, carla p. (2018). China's reginalism foreign policy and china - india
relations in South Asia, contemporary politics, 24(1), 81-97.
Gill, D. M. (2020). Between the Elephant and the Dragon: examining the Sino-
Indian competition in the Indian Ocean. Journal of the Indian Ocean Region. 1-19.
Ghezello, M. (2021). Iran and China 25-years Agreement: What We Know
about Iran-China Agreement, Tejarat News. https://tejaratnews.com/training .[In
Persian].
Golam Timur Bakievich, Evnevich Vsevolod Vladislavovich, & Khudaikulova
Alexandra Viktorovna (2019). Strategic rivalry between India and China in
the Indian Ocean basin in the 21st century. Conflictology / nota bene. (4), 1-13. [in Russia].
Jamshidi, M. & Khatami, M. (2020). The Role of The ‘One Belt-One Road’
Initiative in China’s New Economic Order. Politics Quarterly. 50(1), 1-20.[In Persian].
Kamenev, S.N.(2018 China-Pakistan Economic Corridor and Regional Security
Issues. Eastern Analytics. (3), 67-81.[in Russia].
Kashnikova, Valeria Igorevna (2017). Narendra Modi and Vladimir Putin –
Architectures of international relations. Research Azimuth: Economics and
Management. 1 (18), 244-247.[in Russia].
Kireeva, A.A. (2020). Japan and India: Strategic Partnership in the Indo-Pacific
East Asia: past, present, future. (7), 91-102.[in Russia].
Kukreja, V. (2020). India in the Emergent Multipolar World Order: Dynamics
and Strategic Challenges. India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs,
76(1), 8-23.
Leonova, O.G. (2017). Indian-Russian Relations in the 21st Century: A View from
the Other Side. Russia and the modern world. 3(96), 133-148.[in Russia].
administration: Buddhism, Diaspora and Yoga. Asian Affairs, 49( 3), 468-491.
Mcdougal, D. & Taneja, P. (2020). Sino-Indian competition in the Indian Ocean
island countries: the scope for small state agency. Journal of the Indian
Ocean Region. 16(2), 124-145.
Mishra, V. & Haldar, H. (2020). Emerging Contours of Contemporary Asian
Maritime Connectivity. Economic and Strategic Objectives. 76(3), 461-478.
Moshirzadeh, H. (2018). Explaining and Analyzing foreign Policy: Theoretical
Foundations. Tehran: Samt.[In Persian].
Moshirzadeh, H. (2015). Development in International Relations Theories.
Tehran: Samt. [ In Persian].
Mossalanejad, A. (2011). Iran’s balance of Power Analysis in Realism and
Neorealism Approaches. International Relations Research. 1(1), 131-158.
[In Persian].
Niakoui, A. & Safari, A. (2018). Russia’s Behavior Model in International System:
An Attempt to Access a Favorable Balance of Power (2014-2018). Central
Asia and The Caucasus Journal, 24(103), 101-130. [In Persian].
Oshal, J. (2021). Some Questions Regarding the Comprehensive Strategic
Cooperation between Iran and China, Khabar Online,
https://www.khabaronline.ir/news .[In Persian].
Paul, J. M. (2020). India–Japan maritime security cooperation: Secondary
states’ soft balancing in the Indo-Pacific. Maritime Affairs: Journal of the National
Maritime Foundation of India. 15(2), 59-77.
Pillalamarri, A. (18 sep 2014). Project Mausam: India’s Answer to China’s
‘Maritime Silk Road. https://thediplomat.com
Piniugina, E.V. (2018). Russia's Role in the Formation of the Eurasian Interstate
Transport Projects. . Russia and the modern world. 1 (98), 157-171.[in
Russia].
Purushothaman, U. & Unnikrishnan, N. (2019). A Tale of Many Roads: India’sApproach to Connectivity Projects in Eurasia. India Quarterly: A Journal of
International Affairs. 75(1), 69-86.
Rao, P. V. (2019). Development through connectivity’: India’s maritime
narrative.
Journal of the Indian Ocean Region. 15(3), 245-264.
Sengupta, A. (2020). The oceans as new regions: emerging narratives and the
Bay
of Bengal. Journal of the Indian Ocean Region. 16(3), 229-243.
Sazmand, B.; Azimi, A. & Nazari, A. A.(2011). Theory of Balance of Power:
Critisize and Examnie its efficiency, Foreign Relations Quarterly, 2(4), 251-
274. [in persian].
Sharma, M. (17 Dec 2018). Project ‘Mausam’ extended up to 2020 with the
pre-
approved fund of Rs 60,039,297.
https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1556234
Simbar, R. & Salehiyan, T. (2017). The Evolutions of International System
after the
Cold War and the New Variations of Force Balance. Journal of Politics and
International Relations. 1(1), 33-51. [In Persian].
Sukhodolov, Yakov Alexandrovich (2020). The Current State and Major
Trends of
Russian-Indian Trade and Economic Cooperation. Economics.(50), 213-
224.[in Russia].
Tishehyar, M.; Fathi, M. & Dashtgard, M. (2018). India and China’s Hegemonic
Competition in the South and Southeast of Asia (With Special Focus on
Economic and Military Components). Journal of Subcontinent Researches.
10(34), 65-86. [In Persian]
Touiserkani, M. (2019). New Spice Route: A Regional Rival for New Silk
Road.
Central Asia and The Caucasus Journal. 25(105), 1-38. [In Persian].
Waltz, K (1979). Theory of international politics, Addison-Wesley.
Zamaraeva, N.A. (2018). India and the project China-Pakistan Economic
Corridor.Eastern Analytics. (3), 60-66.[in Russia].
)
Send comment about this article