Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Ph. D in International Relations, Department of International Relations, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

2 . Ph. D in International Relations, Department of International Relations, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran(Corresponding Author)

Abstract

 
Over the past few decades, China has concentrated on numerous resources, especially new power resources, to complete its all-aspects power. This research investigates the different reason for China’s increasing participation in international institutions as well as creating new economic and financial institutions. Findings show that China has taken a non-aggressive and peaceful approach to participating in international institutions and in some cases creates regional and international institutions (such as Shanghai Cooperation Organization, BRICS, and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank) in order to change and strengthen its international position, and to change global security and economic arrangements.  This approach, which stems from the dominance of the pragmatic approach in Chinese foreign policy, includes three stages of refusal, participation, and institutionalization in the international arena. The method of this research is a descriptive-analytical method.
 
 
 

Keywords

Barnett, M. & Duvall, R. (2005). Power in international politics. International
organization, 59(1), 39-75.
Baum, R. (1996). Burying Mao: Chinese Politics in the Age of Deng Xiaoping. Princeton
University Press.
Blank, Stephen. (2006). China and Shanghai Cooperation Organization at Five. China
Brief, 6(13), 13-28.
Cheek, T. & Blight, D. W. (2002). Mao Zedong and China's Revolutions: A Brief History
with Documents. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's.
Cheng, J. Y. S. & Zhan, F. W. (1999). Chinese Foreign Relation Strategies under Mao and
Deng: A Aystematic and Comparative Analysis. Kasarinlan: Phillippine Journal of
Third World Studies, 14(3), 91-114.
Daheshyar, H. (2006). Frameworks Tunb International System and National Interests.
Public Law Researsh, 8(20), 53-75. (In persian)
Davies, R. & Pickering, J. (2015). Making Development Co-Operation Fit for the Future:
Asurveyof Partner Countries. OECD Development Co-operation Working Papers,
No.20. Paris: OECD Publishing.
Dehshiri, M., Bahrami, Z. (2016). Strategic Vision of China towards BRICS. Central Asia
and The Caucasus Journal, 21(89), 33-63. (In persian)
Duggan, N. (2014). The Rise of China within Global Governance. In B. Dessein (Ed.),
Interpreting China as a Regional and Global Power Nationalism and Historical
Consciousness in World Politics Basingstoke. Palgrave Macmillan. (pp. 249–270).
Etzioni, A. (2016). The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank: A Case Study of
Multifaceted Containment. Asian Perspective, 40(2), 173-196.
Francis David (2013). The Coming Challenge to U.S. Economi Dominance, available at: http://www.thefiscaltimes.com.
Ghasemi, Farhad. (2014). International Regimes, Tehran: Mizan Publications. (In persian)
Griffiths (2014). Encyclopedia of International Relations and World Politics. Translated by
Alireza Tayeb, published by Ney. (In persian)
Haibinm, Niu (2012). BRICS In Global Governance, A Progressive Force? Fredrich Ebert
Stiftung. Available at: http//Thediplomat.com/2014/07/chinas-new-global-institutions.
Haji-Yousefi, Amir Mohammad & Alvand, marzieh sadat. (2010). Iran and the Shanghai
Cooperation Organization: Hegemony and Counter-hegemony. Research Letter of
Political Science, 3(2). (In persian)
Hamanaka, S. (2014). Trans-Pacific Partnership Versus Comprehensive Economic
Partnership: Control of Membership and Agenda Eetting (No. 146). Asian
Development Bank.
Hindiani A, Afshari Aqdam E. (2020). Bilateral Cooperation between Iran and China and
the Expansion of Economic Pragmatism between them, Quarterly Journal of Political
Research in Islamic World, 1(10), 79-97. (In persian)
Hopewell, K. (2015). Different Paths to Power: The Rise of Brazil, India and China at the
World Trade Organization. Review of International Political Economy, 22(2), 311–
338.
Hughes, C. R. (2005). Nationalism and multilateralism in Chinese foreign policy:
implications for Southeast Asia. The Pacific Review, 18(1), 119-135.
Ikenberry, G. J. & Lim, D. J. (2017). China’s Emerging Institutional Statecraft. The Asian
Infrastructure Investment Bank and the Prospects for Counter-Hegemony. Brookings
Institution, available at: https://www. Brookings. Edu.
Ikenberry, J. (2014). Introduction: Power, Order, and Change in World
Politics. In: J. Ikenberry, Power, Order, and Change in World Politics. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.
Jozani Kohan, Shayan; Jozani Koha, Shahin. (2019). Multilateralism Based on the Beijing
Consensus model; China's Strategy in the East Asian Region. Foreign Policy
Quarterly, 33(3), 18-1. (In persian)
Kahler, M. (2013). Rising Powers and Global Governance: Negotiating Change in a
Resilient Status Quo. International Affairs, 89(3), 711–729.
Keohane, R. O. (1984). After Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord in the World Political
Economy. Princeton University Press.
Khalaj, Morteza. (2005). Third Generation and Policies of the Third Type, Economic
Trend, No. 29, 26-22. (In persian)
Kissinger, Henry. (2013). China, translated by Hossein Rasi, Tehran: Contemporary
Culture.
Laruelle, Marlene and Peyrouse, Sebastien. (2009), Central Asian Perceptions of China.
The China and Eurasia Forum Quarterly, the Central Asia-Caucasus Institute & Silk
Road Studies Program, 7(1), 1-8.
Masuda, M. (2011). China’s Peacekeeping Diplomacy and Troop Dispatch: New Avenue
for Engagement with the International Community. NIDS Journal of Defense and
Security, 12, 3-26.
Mathur Sajal & Meghna Dasgupta. (2013). BRICS Trade Policies, Institutions and
Areas for Deepening Cooperation. Centre for WTO Studies, Rytledge.
Mirtorabi, S., Ghorbani, A., Monavari, S., Keshvarianazad, M. (2021). China's Financial
Multilateralism Initiative and Challenging the International Financial Order (2008-
2019). International Political Economy Studies, 3(2), 383-408. doi:
10.22126/ipes.2021.5019.1227. (In persian)
Moshirzadeh, Homeira (2009). Transformation in theories of international relations.
Tehran: Samat Publishing, eighth edition. (In persian)
Niaakooee, S., Ghiyasi, A. (2013). Chines Gaining Power and US Strategy: Instrumental
look to UNSC. World Politics, 2(3), 63-87. (In persian)
Olcott, M. B. (2005). The Great Powers in Central Asia. Current History, 104(5), 331-335.
Schechter, M. G. (Ed). (2016). Innovation in Multilateralism. Springer.
Rad Goodarzi, Masoumeh & Safari, A. (2019). China Institution Building in Central Asia
and the Future of International Liberal Order. Strategic Research of Politics, 8(30),
227-262. doi: 10.22054/qpss.2019.27415.1815. (In persian)
Shafiee, N., Komaei Zadeh, Y. (2011). Clarification of China and the United States Ties
against the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO); On the Basis of "Balance of
Soft Power Theory". Central Eurasia Studies, 4(7), 51-75. (In persian)
Shahandeh, Behzad. (2004). Chinese Reforms for the Chinese. Report, No. 149, January
and February, pp. 20-19. (In persian)
Shamiri Shekofti, A., Shahandeh, B., Soltaninejad & A., Eslami, M. (2018). Explanation of
the Position of Smart Power in China's Foreign Policy. Geopolitics Quarterly, 14(51),
31-62. (In persian)
Shariatinia, Mohsen (2011). China's Goals and Interests in the Shanghai Cooperation
Organization, Journal of Foreign Policy, August, No. 30, 161-1. (In persian)
Shirkhani, Mohammad Ali & Mehdizadeh, Akbar (2008). Pragmatism in Foreign Policy
and Development of Sino–Iranian Economic Relations (1979– 1999). Political
Quarterly, 38(4). (in persian)
Soleimanpour, H. (2014). US, China and Prospect of International System. Research Letter
of Political Science, 9(3), 111-145. (In persian)
Soltani, A., Solaymani, H. (2014). Position of the Chinese Leadership in the Continuing
Process of Economic Development in the Internal and International Arena Since 1979.
Research Letter of International Relations, 7(25), 43-78. (In persian)
Sorenson, Gork & Jackson, Robert (2013). An Introduction to International Relations.
Translators: Zakarian, Mehdi Taghizadeh, Ahmad Kalami, Tehran: Fourth Edition.
Tao, X. (2017). Chinese Foreign Policy with Xi Jinping Characteristics. Available at:
http://carnegieendowment.org.
Waezi, Mahmoud. (2003). Goals and Interests of China and Russia in the Shanghai
Cooperation Organization. Central Asia and Caucasus Studies, No. 72. (In persian)
CAPTCHA Image