Document Type : مقالات
Authors
1 . Assistant Professor of Regional Studies, University of Tehran
2 Ph.D. of Regional Studies, graduated from University of Tehran
Abstract
The current study examines the Obama administration’s foreign policy in Latin America. The research investigates the factors, components, and criteria of the Obama administration's foreign policy in the region. The study hypothesizes that the Obama administration’s Latin America foreign policy falls within the liberal internationalist ideology. Obama’s engagement diplomacy had a profound and different impact on the region's political and economic structures. For example, a strategic shift in relations with Cuba after 70 years of conflict made the US a positive image. In the next step, the Obama administration accepted immigrants from Latin America based on selecting candidates and elites, mainly from the students. The decision-making process in the Obama administration comes first to his former theoretical attitudes and then back to the views of Democratic
Keywords
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the 21st century? edited by J. I. Domingues & R. F. De Castro. New York: Routlege,
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Ayon, D. R. (2016). Latino diasporas, Obamas executive action strategy, and U.S-Latin
American relations. in Contemporary U.S Latin American relations: cooperation or
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Routledge, 236-250.
Bahar Sadatmousavi (2015). A comparison of US presence in Latin America and Middle
East after September 11. M.A. Thesis in University of Tehran. (in Persian).
Burns, W. J. (2019). The back channel: a memoir of American diplomacy and the case for
its renewal. New York: Random House.
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security. Translated by R. Qahramnpour. Tehran: RISS. (in Persian).
Corrales, J. & Romero, C. A. (2016). U.S Venezuelan relations after Hugo Chavez: why
normalization has been impossible. in Contemporary U.S Latin American Relations:
cooperation or conflict in the 21st century? edited by J. I. Domingues & R. F. De
Castro. New York: Routledge, 214-232.
Domingues, J. I. & De Castro, R. F. (2016). U.S Mexican relations. in Contemporary U.S
Latin American relations: cooperation or conflict in the 21st century? edited by J. I.
Domingues & R. F. De Castro. New York: Routlege, 30-49.
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Contemporary U.S Latin American relations: cooperation or conflict in the 21st
century? edited by J. I. Domingues & R. F. De Castro. New York: Routledge, 1-23.
Escude, C. (2016). Who commands, who obeys, and who rebels: Latin Americans security
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Italy: Luiss Guido Carli. Department of Political Science.
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providing a model for reviewing it. Iranian Sociology, 2: 19, 3-35. (in Persian).
Hellinger, D. (2011, July). Obama and the Bolivarian agenda for Americas. Latin America
Perspectives, 38: 178, 47-60.
Henrikson, A. (2013). United States contemporary diplomacy: implementing a foreign policy of
engagement. in Diplomacy in a globalizing world: theories and practices, edited by P. Kerr
and G. Wiseman. translated by Abbas Kardan. Tehran: TISRI, 392-414. (in Persian)
Heywood A. (2010) Politics. translated by A. Alem. Tehran: Ney Publication.
Hirst, M. & Pereira, L. B. (2016). The unsettled of US-Brazilian relations. in Contemporary
U.S Latin American relations: cooperation or conflict in the 21st century? edited by J. I.
Domingues & R. F. De Castro. New York: Routledge, 106-117.
Hooghe, M. & Marien, S. (2016). The wall with Mexico is a utopian project for Trump
supporters. Retrieved from London School of Economics:
http://www.Blogs.ise.ac.uk/usaappblog/201605/06
Hosseini, M. (2012). US confrontation with Iran after Cold War. Tehran: TISRI. (in Persian).
Julio, C. F. & Aravena, F. R. (2016). Chile and the US: a cooperative friendship. in
Contemporary US Latin American relations: cooperation or conflict in the 21st
century? edited by J. I. Domingues & R. F. De Castro. New York: Routledge,128-142.
Khadem. F. (2009). Effect of US-Saudi interaction on Iran’s natioal security. Journal of
Middle East Studies, 3: 16, 87-111. (in Persian).
Livingston, G. (2009). Americas Bacyard,The United States And Latin America From the
Monroe Doctrine to the War on Terror. London: zed books.
Lowenthal, F. A. (2010). The Obama administration and the Americas: promise,
disappointment, opportunity. Foreign Affairs, 89: 4, 110-24.
Mahpishanian, M. (2011). Building at Home, Shaping Abroad: Reading US National
Security Strategy during Obama. in Book of America 10: US national security strategies
after cold war. Edited by Abbas Kardan. Tehran: TISRI, 230-63. (in Persian).
Maolavi, Z et al. (2019). Bureaucracyphobia and understanding natioal tolerance. Quarterly
Journal of Public Organzations Management, 25: 7, 83-96. (in Persian).
Mazza, J. (2017). The U.S-Mexico border and Mexican migration to the United States:a
21st century. Sais Review of International Affairs, 37: 2, pp. 33-47.
Mcclintock, S. (2016). U.S-Peruvian relations: cooperation within the international system
of the 20st century. in Contemporary U.S Latin American Relations:Cooperation or
Conflict in the 21st Century? edited by J. I. Domingues & R. F. De Castro. New York:
Routledge, 183-205.
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Wæver, translated into Persian by Alireza Tayeb. Tehran: TISRI. (in Persian).
Weisbort, M. (2011, july 23). Obamas Latin America: continuity without change. Latin
American Perspectives, 38: 178, 62-70
age revolutions to the era of globalization. New Mexico: University of New Mexico
Press.
Pasha, A. 2001. From organization to bureaucracy: critical review of bureaucracy literature
in sociology. Social Science, 8: 13-14, 80-100. (in Persian).
Pfefferle, T. (2014). US foreign policy in Latin America under the Obama administration.
London: Queen Mary University, School of Politics and International Relations.
Pourpashang, Z. (1387). Proceedings of first international conference of Latin America:
role of Latin America in the future international system. Tehran: IPIS. (in Persian).
Powaski, E. R. (2019). Ideals, interests, and U.S. foreign policy from George H. W. Bush to
Donald Trump. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan.
Russell, R. (2016). U.S-Argentina relations: the years of Cristina and Obama. in
Contemporary U.S Latin American Relations:Cooperation or Conflict in the 21st
Century? edited by J. I. Domingues & R. F. De Castro. New York: Routledge, 84-100.
Schirm S. (2013). Hemispheric interregionalism: power, domestic interests, and ideas in the
Free Trade Association of the Americas. in Interregionalism and International
Relations: a stepping stone to global governance? Edited by J. Rüland, H. Hänggi & R.
Roloff. translated by M. Shojaee and E. Kolaee. Tehran: IPIS. (in Persian)
Stable, M. P. (1999). The Cuban revolution: origins, course, and legacy. London: Oxford
University Press.
Stable, M. P. (2016). The United State and Cuba intimate Neighbors? in Contemporary U.S
Latin American Relations:Cooperation or Conflict in the 21st Century? edited by J. I.
Domingues & R. F. De Castro. New york: Routlege, 62-78.
Taffet, J. F. & Walcher, D. (2017). The Unite States and Latin America: a history with
documents. New York: Routledge.
Taqavi, Z. (2012). Integration in Latin America and its impact on relation with United
States. M.A. Thesis in University of Tehran. (in Persian).
Tickner, A. (2011). Latin America: still policy dependant after all these years? in
International Relations Scholarship Around the World, edited by A. Tickner & O.
Wæver, translated into Persian by Alireza Tayeb. Tehran: TISRI. (in Persian).
Weisbort, M. (2011, july 23). Obamas Latin America: continuity without change. Latin
American Perspectives, 38: 178, 62-70
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