Obligations of Government Institutions in Crime Prevention A Comparative Study of International Experiences

Document Type : مقالات

Authors

• alireza khatibi ¹
• seyed mohamad sadegh ahmadi ¹
• abbas sheikholeslami ²

¹ Islamic Azad University of Isfahan

² Islamic Azad University of mashhad

https://doi.org/10.22067/jipr.v7i1.70301

Abstract

While targeting human dignity and human security and fundamental human rights, the crimes threaten the security of the world and deprive right of human’s safety. Preventing crime is a very important national and international concern which should be addressed on this agenda by governments.  We are faced with new phenomena of crime in pursuit of globalization in the fields of economics, culture, politics and human rights, as well as criminal law and the emergence of some new crimes that have affected international peace and security. World crimes are divided into two categories. First is profiteering crimes and second is a violent crime (terrorist). In Iran, the importance of the prevention of crime is also predicted in fifth clause of principal 156 of the constitution and in the subset of the tasks of the judicial power but it is never took an operational form. In category of crime prevention, which is one of the important issues for governments in advance and somehow they have an extreme and great responsibilities in this area, government needs to general mobilization and coordination between all government institutions and administrative agencies. In international level, relevant assemblies especially United Nations with designing of five-year congresses to prevent crime and hold twelve congress from 1955 till now in addition providing opportunities for consultation of crime prevention specialists, it is also play the key role as policy-making institution. Therefore with a comparative look to this area, different countries in the field of crime prevention gained valuable experiences and achievements in implementing national crime prevention programs which are the appropriate patterns for implementation at the domestic level from point of view of many legal experts and pundits.

Keywords

• Crime
• International Crime
• Crime Prevention
• National Crime Prevention Program
• Government Institutions
• High Council for the Prevention of Crime

References

References

Barani, M. (2014). Prevention of globalized crimes”internation obligations of governments”, Mizan publication, Tehran, first edition. (in Persian)

Blanc, L. (2013). General control theory of criminal phenomenon: structures and Theoretical dynamics complexities, Multi-layer integrated control, Theories of crime development Magazine, New Jersey, page 215-258.

Brandon, C., & Fringington, D. (2007). How to Prevent Children's Crime from the Work of the Cambridge Criminology, Institute in collaboration with the Department of Justice and Criminology of England at the University of Massachusetts.

Clarke, R. (1992). Crime prevention, Situational studies, Haro & Huston Publications, NewYork.

Crohn, M. D., & Messi, J. L. (1980). Preventive social controls and delinquent behaviors, Journal of Sociology, France.

Ebrahimi, S. (2009). Prevention Criminology, Mizan publication, first edition. (in Persian)

Ekblom, P. (2011). Crime prevention, security and community safety using the 5Is framework. Springer. First edition, third number. 383-406

Ghourchi Beygi, M. (1998). Multiple Institution Crime Prevention, Foundations and Challenges, in article collection of Multiple Institution Crime Prevention, Applied Research Office of NAJA Prevention Police. (in Persian)

Gozon, R. (1991). Applied criminology, translation of Mahdi Keynia, translator publication, Tehran, 125-135.

Gozon, R. (1997). Relationships between situational prevention and Crime control, translation of Najafi Abrand Abadi, Journal of Shahid Beheshti Legal Research, 20, 607-628.

Gozon, R. (2009). Theoretical Criminology, translation of Mahdi Keynia, Majd Cultural Scientific Assembly, Tehran.

Hajizadeh, M., & Qawam Maleki, M. (2009). Deterrence and its role on crime prevention with comparative approach, number 3, legal Quarterly, Journal of Faculty of Law and Political Science. (in Persian)

Luvasor, G. (1993). Criminal policy, translation: Ali Hassan, Najafi Abrand Abadi, Journal of Legal Research, Faculty of Law, Shahid Beheshti University, (11-12), Fall & Winter, spring & summer.

Mikhail, V. (2004). Changing the model for crime prevention and detection of its origin, Journal of crime management, Warszawa, Poland.

Mohammad Nasl, G. (2007). Theoretical principles and foundations of crime opportunity, Rights Quarterly, Journal of Law and Political Science, 37.

Najafi Abrand Abadi, A. H. (2003). Prevention of delinquency and local police, article collection of crime prevention, Social Assistance and crime prevention of the Judiciary, Press and Publication center, first edition.

Official newspaper of the country.

Parnabi, P. F. (2006). Crime prevention through environmental design, Risk Discourse, Social and neoliberal control, Scientific Journal of Criminology & Canadian Criminal Justice, 48, first number, 1-29.

Philips, R. E. (2006). Analysis of crime data: An effective model at New York State level, Cambridge University Press, 1-25.

Rosenbaum, D., Den A. Lewis, & Jean A. G. (2008). Crime prevention based on local coverage: Assessing the effectiveness of crime organization at the community level in Chicago, Community Crime Prevention Research Center, Sage California, 27.

Sadeghi, M. M. (2003). Human rights in the light of international law, Center for research and development of human sciences, Samt, Tehran. (in Persian)

Saffari, A. (2005). Review of crime prevention bill, Crime Prevention Studies Quarterly, Prevention Police, second year, number 4. (in Persian)

Shamlou, B. (2010). Prevention of repeat crime in Criminal Justice of Iran and United States, Scientific journal of crime prevention, fifth year, number 17.

Shaw, P. (2007). Continuity and changing paths of crime growth in teenagers, young people and men, Journal of Current Crime Theory, London.

Silva, B. F. A. (2014). Organize social crime: Search for determinant factors of crime at the community level, Central Research Institute of Latin America, 34(49), 218-230.

Social Assistance and crime prevention of the Judiciary.

Soleimani, P. (2007). Strategic management, strategy management, Skill Specialist and scientific Monthly (or Magazine), 53. (in Persian)

Tahainezhad, A. (2007). Prevention of crime and correction of criminals, Master degrees thesis of rights and penalties and criminology, Faculty of Law, Shahid Beheshti University. (in Persian)

Teymouri, K. (2008). Introduction to crime preventation, The Judiciary Law Journal, 26. (in Persian)

Tierney, J. (2009). Key points in criminology, memorial magazine of McGraw-Hill.

Visscher, C. A. (2014). Ability and control of crime and felony: Is Onata locking strategy has reduced crime? 513-543.

Yousefi, N. (2007). Strategic Management Community Model (fifth part), 22. (in Persian)

Website: WWW.MINDTOOLS.COM

Website: WWW.QUICKMBA.COM

Website: WWW.PROJESTSMART