Document Type : مقالات
Authors
1 Islamic Azad University
2 Azad Islami
Abstract
Abstract
Geopolitical codes are the map of stable and variable geographical factors that arise from the geography of a given country and influence its foreign policy. Identification of the geopolitical viewpoints via decoding the geopolitical codes of neighboring countries as well as distinguishing the geopolitical codes of the target countries could play an effective role in the approach of a country to the issue of foreign policy in line with its geopolitical weight. Considering the extensive civilization, historical, cultural and ethnic commonalities of Iran and Iraq combined with influence of regional and trans-regional powers in Iraq, identification and studying of Iraq’s geopolitical codes is essential to the orientation of Iran’s foreign policy. For this, the authors have attempted to study and analyze the geopolitical factors influencing Iran-Iraq relations via employing a descriptive-analytical methodology while emphasizing the analysis of available geopolitical codes of Iran-Iraq political geography.
Keywords
Refrences
Al-Kadhim, M. (2015). Will Sistani be able to control popular mobilization forces?
http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/ru/contents/articles/originals/2015/03/iraq-sistani-righteous-jihad-fatwa-popular-mobilization.html
Al-Mohandes, M. (2016). Sectarian Provocations in Fallujeh Undermine the Offensive Against the Islamic State.
Asadi, B. (2002). The Persian Gulf and its Issues. Tehran: Samt Pub. P.46. (in Persian).
Berman, L. (2016). The Iranian Penetration of Iraqi Kurdistan, Institute for Contemporary Affairs, 16(3), 34.
Bijani, A., & Ezzati, E. A. (2008). Autopsy movements and ethnic groups in Khuzestan province. Geographical territory quarterly. 5(20), 18-21 (in Persian).
Cohen, S. B. (2008). Geopolitics of the world system. Tehran: The Cultural Institute of Contemporary Abrar International Studies. 81-84 (in Persian).
Daragahi, B. (2007). Iraq conflict is a battle for identity, Los Angeles Times, http://www.latimes.com/la-fg-persian16apr16-story.html
Dougherty, J., & Pfaltzgraff, R. (2009). Contending Theories of International Relations: a comprehensive, Survey, New Yourk and Other Places: Longman. 151.
Eisenstadt, M. (2015). Iran and Iraq. Military and Security Studies Program at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy.
Ezzati, E. A. (2000). Geostrategic. Tehran: Samt. 19. (in Persian).
Ezzati, E. A. (2002). An analysis of the geopolitics of Iran and Iraq. Tehran: Ministry of Foreign Affairs Institute Press. 27. (in Persian).
Ezzati, E. A., & Nami, M. H. (2008). Analyzing the geopolitical borders of Iran and Iraq and its impact on national security. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch. 102, 116. (in Persian).
Farajirad, A. R., (2015). The key to success Brjam: the need for a national strategy on foreign policy. http://www.irdiplomacy.ir
Farajirad, A. R.; Amiri, H.; Hashemi, S. M., & Alipour, A. (2015). Experts meeting Iran's geopolitical strategy in the region. Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch. (in Persian).
Fuller, G. (1998). Pivot of the Universe, Iran's geopolitical. Tehran: Markaz Pub. 49 (in Persian)
Hafeznia, M. R. (2013). Iran's foreign policy orientation should be? http://www.hafeznia.ir. (in Persian).
Hafeznia, M. R., (2006). Principles and concepts of geopolitics. Mashhad: Papoli. Pp.92, 178, 362-364. (in Persian).
Hafeznia, M. R., (2010). Geopolitical theory production strategy for peace, security and development. http://www.hafeznia.ir. (in Persian).
Hosseini, H. (2009). Investigate the causes of the Iran-Iraq war. Proceedings of the analysis of the Iran-Iraq war: the invasion of roots. Tehran: Iranian Revolutionary Guards Islamic Revolution War Studies & Research Center. 157-158. (in Persian).
Hosseinpour, P. R. (2013). Geographic and geopolitical component in geopolitical relations. Geopoilitics Quarterly. 2(9), 169. (in Persian).
http://amazonnews.com, http://www.kurdpress.com
http:/iranprimer.usip.org/resource/iran-and-iraq
https://kyleorton1991.wordpress.com/tag/abu-mahdi-al-mohandes/
https://wikimedia.org
Iranian military advisors in Iraq upon official request: Iraqi official. PressTv.http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2015/03/iraq-sistani-righteous-jihad-fatwa-popular-mobilization.html#ixzz4NpUxWKqR
Iraqi Committee in Defense Strategy Research Center of practice session. Tehran: Defense Strategy Research Center.
Jafari, V. A. (1999). Investigating the Iran-Iraq Treaty of 1975. Political & Economic Ettelaat, 247, 40-55. (in Persian).
Kalantari, F. A. (2016). The role of geopolitical factors on the Islamic Republic of Iran's defense strategy in the face of threats from Iraq Territory Source. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. The Supreme National Defense University. 62, 86, 89. (in Persian).
Kamp, J., & Harkavy, R. (2009). Strategic geography of the Middle East: history, concepts and issues. Tehran: Research Institute of Strategic Studies. 143 (in Persian).
Karimipour, Y. A. (2000). Introduction to Iran's relations with neighbors. Tehran: Jihad Teacher Training University. 84-85. (in Persian).
Kavianirad, M. (2010). Saddam era in Iraq's vital geopolitical strategy of the sense of space. Negin Iran Quarterly. 32(9), 76-79. (in Persian).
Kevin M. W.; Williamson M., & Holaday. T. (2009). Saddam’s War: An Iraqi Military Perspective on the Iran-Iraq War. Washington, D.C.: Institute for National Strategic Studies, National Defense
Khalili, M.; Heidari, J.; Asqari, S. H., & Sayyadi, H. (2014). Geopolitical genome codes of conduct effective foreign policy of Iran and Russia. World Policy Quarterly. 1(3), 41, 45-46. (in Persian).
Khalili, M.; Heidari, J.; Sayyadi, H., & Asqari, S. H. (2012). Geopolitical genome influencing the foreign policy of Iran and Azerbaijan. World Policy Quarterly. 1(3), 40-41 (in Persian).
Khalili, M.; Sayyadi, H., & Heidari, J. (2012). Genome Code and geopolitical foreign policy (Case Study: Turkey and Iran). Central Eurasia Studies Quarterly. 1(11), 44-45. (in Persian).
Khan, I. (2014). Why is Iraq so important to Iran? Iraq's future is crucial to Iran: it is a natural Shia ally, a neighbour, and the site of many Shia landmarks. http://www.aljazeera.com/blogs/middleeast/2014/06/99126.html
Mansouri, J. (2003). Survey the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Tehran: AmirKabir. 48
Mojtahedzadeh, P. (2015). Expert interviews about Iraqi geopolitical threats against Iran. Islamic Azad University: Tehran-South Branch.
Moujani, S. A. (2015). The roots of the revival of the Islamic caliphate and its geopolitical influence. Tehran: Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 11, 18.
Mustafa, S. M. (2016). Iran’s Role in the Kurdistan Region. Al-Jazeera Centre for Studies. 7-8. http://studies.aljazeera.net
Nader, A. (2015). What Are the Iranians Doing in Iraq? http://www.newsweek.com/what-are-iranians-doing-iraq-303107.
Nahazi, Gh. H. (2008). Factors create and exacerbate the water crisis in the Middle East and North Africa. Middle East Studies Quarterly. 25(8), 71 (in Persian).
Nourian, S. M. (2015). The impact of political actions on political sovereignty of the Iraqi Shiite political parties. Tehran: Andisheh Sazan Noor. (in Persian).
Parsapour, R. (2010). Arvand relic of the ancient Iranian civilization for thousands of years. The Persian Gulf Research Center, http://www.persiangulfstudies.com. (in Persian).
Rashid, Gh. (2008). The role of geopolitical factors on defense strategy (case study: Iran than Iraq). Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Tarbiat Modarres University. 78, 92. (in Persian).
Rashid, Gh. (2009). The impact of geopolitical factors in the Iranian defense strategies against Iraq. Tehran: Iranian Revolutionary Guards Islamic Revolution and Holy Defense Research Center. 64-66. (in Persian).
Rogg, I. & Rimscha., H. (2007). The Kurds as parties to and victims of conflicts in Iraq, International Review of the Red Cross. 868. 16-18
Salih, A. M., & Naser, M. (2016). Iraq: Kurds and Iran eye an oil deal. http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/06/iraq-kurds-iran-eye-oil-deal-160621072705742.html
Salinger, P., & Laurent, E. (1995). Gulf War secret file. Tehran: Ettelat. 22. (in Persian).
Taylor, P. J. (1994). Political Geography world economy, nation state and locality, Longman Scientific and Technical New Yourk, 80.
Track. (2015). Hashid Shaabi. http://www.trackingterrorism.org/group/hashid-shaabi-popular-mobilisation-committees
Universityhttp://ndupress.ndu.edu/.../.pdf
)
Send comment about this article