Document Type : مقالات
Authors
university of isfahan
Abstract
Since the beginning of the Syrian crisis, the great powers have tried to play a role in it. Since the beginning of the Islamic Revolution, Iran has been a strategic ally of Syria. Iran has openly supported Bashar al-Assad government through financial and military aid. By the way, the political developments in Syria and its country matters to the French government. France was the first country to recognize the coalition of Syrian opposition forces as the sole legitimate representative of the Syrian people. However, the 2015 Paris terrorist attack by ISIS convinced the French to alter their policy. Accordingly, France foreign policy towards Syria changed. This paper aims to study the foreign policy of Iran and France towards the Syrian crisis. The paper argues that Iranian foreign policy towards Syria is based on maintaining the status quo (the survival of Bashar al-Assad). Yet, France foreign policy towards these developments is a conservative offensive one in the form of convergence with the US.
Keywords
References
Abbasi, M. (2015). Crisis in Syria a framework of theory of realism in the Islamic republic of Iran’s foreign policy. Journal of the Islamic Revolutionary Approach, 9(32). (in Persian)
Asadi, A. (2012). Syrian crisis and its impact on regional actors and issues. Journal of Strategic Studies of the Islamic World, 13(50). (in Persian)
Ajerloo, H. (2011). Changes in Syria: roots and prospects. Middle East Studies Quarterly, (18) 3. (in Persian)
Ajerloo, H. (2011). An analysis of the position of Syria in support of the resistance, Journal of Palestine Studies, new series, 8. (in Persian)
Akhavan Kazemi, M., & Veysi, S. (2012). A glance at the issue of the Syrian alavies who are seeking for power. Shia News, Monthly of Shia world news and analysis, 84 & 85. (in Persian)
Bassiri Tabrizi, A., & Pantucci, R. (2016). Understanding Iran’s role in the Syrian conflict. Royal United Services Institute for Defense and Security Studies, occasional paper, august 2016.
Belkin, P. (2011). France: Factors Shaping Foreign Policy and Issues in Us-French Relations. Diane Publishing.
Besharati, M. (2013). The role of regional and international actors in Syrian crisis and changes. Monthly Tebyan, 95 -96. (in Persian)
Bilis, J.; Smith, S. et al., (2013). Globalization of politics: international relations in the new era, translated by rahchamani and others, vol. I, Tehran: international studies institute of contemporary abrar. (in Persian)
Dehghani Firoozabadi, J., & Noei Baqban, M. (2011). The French Arabic policies in Chirac and sarkozy era, Middle East Studies Quarterly, 18(2). (in Persian)
Farzandi, A. (2012). The strategic importance of Syria for the Islamic republic of iran, Monthly Message of Revolution, 62. (in Persian)
Fulton, W.; Hollidy, J., & Wyer, S. (2013). Iranian strategy in Syria. Institute for the Study of War.
Ghasemian, R. (2013). A research on Syria changes: roots, actors and consequences: Tehran: ministry of science, research and technology, social and cultural department, the office of social and cultural studies program. (in Persian)
Goodarzi, J. M. (2013). Syria and Iran: alliance cooperation in a changing regional environment. Ortadoğu Etütleri, 4(2).
Goodarzi, J. M. (2015). Iran and Syria: the end of the road? Wilson Center Viewpoints, (75).
Güler, S. (2014). French foreign policy in the Middle East: the case of Syria. Wise Men Center for Strategic Studies (Bilgesam). 1131.
Heidari, M. (2009). Salafism new strategy against Islamic unity. Tolou Quarterly, 8 (27). (in Persian)
Izadi, P. (1) (2015). The failure of French policy in Syria (Center for Strategic Research, Assistance of Foreign Policy Research), 99. (in Persian)
Izadi, P. (2) (2015). Some considerations about the political implications of the recent wave of terrorist attacks in France (Center for Strategic Research, Assistance of Foreign Policy Research), 104. (in Persian)
Izadi, J., & Akbari, H.R. (2010). Estimated third decade of strategic relations between Iran and Syria more convergence or break. Policy Doctrine Quarterly, 1(2). (in Persian)
Jafari, M. (2015). Syria in crisis, print 1, Tehran: abaroun publication. (in Persian)
Jamnews. (2016). Iranian commandos in Syria. (in Persian). Available at:
http://www.mehrnews.com/news/3681631
Jalal Zadeh, M. (2016). The reasons for the France presence in Syria. Weekly Triangle, No. 342. (in Persian)
Jenkins, B. M. (2015). The implications of the Paris terrorist attack for American strategy in Syria and homeland security. Rand Office of External Affairs.
Karami, K. (2011). Arab spring and Saudi Arabia: consequences and responses. Middle East Studies Quarterly, 18(3). (in Persian)
Kfir, I. (2016). A policy of patchwork responses: Islamic state, the Syrian crisis, & the role of the us in the Middle East. Available At: Ssrn 2725342.
Khademi, A. (2013). A clarification on the role of turkey in the Syrian crisis with an emphasis on decision theory, ma thesis, university of Isfahan: department of political science. (in Persian)
Khaluzadeh, S. (2013). France during Nicolas Sarkozy transatlantic policy. Journal of World Studies, 3(2). (in Persian)
Khan, J. (2012). Empire against Iran and Syria Empire: new world war for the new world order? Explore West Magazine, 108. (in Persian)
Kiaei, M. (2012). Syria's crisis: features and the differences. Monthly Events and Analysis, 269. (in Persian)
Kozak, C. (2015). An army in all corners” Assad’s campaign strategy in Syria. Institute for the Study of War, 12.
Lapin, R. Wisdom, J. (2015). Saudi-turkey alliance against ‘axis of resistance. Available at: Https://Rehmat1.Com/2015/05/09/Saudi-Turkey-Alliance-Against-Axis-Of-Resistance/.
Maghsoodi, M., & Heidari, SH. (2011). Examine the similarities and differences of arab movements in the middle east. Policy Doctrine Quarterly, 2(2). (in Persian)
Mansouri, M. (2013). A survey on Russia’s position and goals in Syria’s crisis. Human Science Research, 5(31). (in Persian)
Masoudnia, H.; Foroughi, A., & Cholmaqani, M. (2012). Turkey and Syria, from mediation to support the opposition. Journal of Muslim World Political Studies, 1(4). (in Persian)
Mcinnis, Kathleen J. (2015). Coalition contributions to countering the Islamic state. Congressional Research Service, 4.
Mearsheimer, H. J. (1994/5). The false promise of international institutions. International Security, 19(3).
Mehrnews. (2016). French troops deployed in northern Syria. (in Persian). Available at: http://www.mehrnews.com/news/3681631.
Minin, D, (2013). Syria's crisis in the mirror of geopolitical gas. Translated by: mohsen davary, Monthly energy range, 73&74. (in Persian)
Mohns, E., & Bank, A. (2012). Syrian revolt fallout: end of the resistance axis? Middle East Policy, 19(3).
Moradi, A. (2013). Syrian crisis, possibility and refusal of humanitarian intervention. Foreign Policy Quarterly, 27(2). (in Persian)
Mosalli Nejad, A. (2012). The impact of security instability on the balance of power in the Middle East. Geopolitics Quarterly, 8(3). (in Persian)
Mottaghi, A. (2011). Us role and strategy of civil disobedience in Syria. Policy Doctrine Quarterly. 2(3). (in Persian)
Mousavi, H. (2012). Us dual logic in Syrian crisis. Regional Studies Quarterly, 13(2). (in Persian)
Movafaghian, P.; Ahmadi, A., & Azimi, Y. (2012). Syria changes clarification and measuring the geopolitical face of their internal and external trends. Journal of Applied Research of Geographic Sciences, 12(27). (in Persian)
Murkocinski, M., & Sasnal, P. (2013). France and the Syrian war dilemma. Polski Instytut Spraw Miedzynarodowych The Polish Institute of International Affairs, 101(554), 26 September.
Naghibzadeh, A. (2009). Theoretical and practical challenges facing the Islamic republic of Iran’s foreign policy, Foreign Relations, 1(2).
Nejat, A. (2015). The isis terrorist group and the Islamic state and the Islamic republic of iran's national security: challenges and opportunities. Journal of Politics, 2(6). (in Persian)
Nejat, A., & Jafari Weldani, A. (1), (2013). The role and position of the Islamic republic of Iran in Syria crisis. Political Research Quarterly, 3(8). (in Persian)
Nejat, A., & Jafari Weldani, A. (2), (2013). The role of regional powers in Syria (2011 - 2014). Middle East Studies Quarterly, 20(4). (in Persian)
Niakouei, A., & Bahmanesh, H. (2012). The conflicting actors in in Syria: objectives and approaches. Foreign Relations Quarterly, 4(4). (in Persian)
Neubauer, S. (2016). An assessment of France’s assertive Mideast policy. Al Jazeera Centre for Studies.
Nguyen. H. (2013). Theories of us foreign policy: an overview. World Journal of Social Science, 1. (1).
Online Iran. (2016). Us and Europe common decision on sending international observers to halab. (in Persian). Available at: http://www.ion.ir/News/ 157392.html.
Parsaei, M. (2012). Syria; French doors to enter the Middle East: pragmatism with French season. International Peace Studies Centre. (in Persian)
Poorhashemi, A. (2007). French foreign policy in the Middle East. Monthly Events and Analysis, 207. (in Persian)
Qavam, A. (2011). International relations: theories and approaches. Tehran: publications samt. (in Persian)
Rajabi, S. (2012). Analysis of the Syrian strategic role in regional and international relations with an eye to recent changes in Syria. Proceedings of 15 June, the third period, 10(34). (in Persian)
Rowdybush, B., & Chamorel, P. (2012). Aspirations and reality: French foreign policy and the 2012 elections. The Washington Quarterly, 35(1).
Saghafi Ameri, N. (2011). Strategic considerations of Iran, Russia and china in Syrian crisis. Available at: http://www.isrjournals.com/fa/middle-east-farsi/article/958-essay-farsi106.html. (in Persian)
Salimi, H., & Shariati, M. (2014). The national interests of the Islamic republic of Iran; the continuation or cessation of support for Syrian government? Journal of Defense Policy, 23(89). (in Persian)
Sanchez, D. (2016). Saudi Arabia and Israel: an axis of convenience. Available at:
Http://Original.Antiwar.Com/Dan_Sanchez/2016/01/12/Saudi-Arabia-And-Israel-An-Axis-Of-Convenience/.
Simbar, R., & Ghasemian, R. (2014). The basic security environment components of Iran and Syria. Journal of Strategic Policy Researches, 3(9). (in Persian)
Smith, A.; Emilia, h., & Dan, T. (2012). Foreign policy: theories, actors and case studies. Translated by amir mohammad haji yousefi, hassan mahmoudi, ayoub karimi, tehran: publication samt. (in Persian)
Solomon, A. (2013). Aaudi mufti: clerics should unite in fatwa on Assad. The jpost. March 13, available at:
Http://Www.Jpost.Com/Middle-East/Saudi-Mufti-Clerics-Should-Unite-In-Fatwa-On-Assad.
Taeb, S., & Mollah Ghadimi, A. (2008). The transatlantic trends and French new Middle East policy. Encyclopedia of Law and Politics, 8. (in Persian)
Venetis, E. (2011). The rising power of Iran in the Middle East: forming an axis with Iraq, Syria and Lebanon. Hellenic Foundation for European and Foreign Policy Working Paper.
Wei, E. (2015). Explaining Syria (doctoral dissertation, stern school of business New York).
Wimmen, H., & Asseburg, M. (2012). Civil war in Syria: external actors and interests as drivers of conflict. German Institute for International and Security Affairs, swp comments 43.
Yazdanpanah Daroo, K., & Namdari, M. (2013). Syrian crisis with emphasize on the west system approach and turkey's strategy in his country. Journal of the Islamic Awakening Studies, 2(3). (in Persian)
Yongcheng, Li. (2015). Beyond offensive realism: why leadership matters more than structure in the security environment of East Asia. International Journal of China Studies, 6(2).
)
Send comment about this article