ali mohammadian; alireza Rezaei
Abstract
Diplomacy and negotiation between governmental and non- governmental units have been always underway domestically, regionally and globally, dating back to the human history. Such concepts as diplomacy, diplomat and negotiation have been extensively employed in the literature on international relations. ...
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Diplomacy and negotiation between governmental and non- governmental units have been always underway domestically, regionally and globally, dating back to the human history. Such concepts as diplomacy, diplomat and negotiation have been extensively employed in the literature on international relations. They, recurrently, represent the relationship between two or more states or even several non-governmental actors. The central question, therefore, is how the changing concept of diplomacy related to the theories of international relations (IR). This study addresses the changes in diplomacy in IR. For this purpose, the changes in this concept from the mid-15th up until the 21st are reviewed. The main thrust here is to draw upon these conceptual changes with reference to the theories of realism, liberalism and constructivism. The findings indicate that it is possible to analyze the changes in terms of the theories via considering diplomacy in three different periods including traditional, unconventional and reciprocal (in this study). It should, however, be borne in mind that these three theories are not, on their own, able to explain the totality and full range of the changing concept of diplomacy.
ali mohammadian; ghasem toraby
Abstract
The fall of Saddam in 2003, Iraq's government and political system in general, and it changed the country in crisis Chndsalhay swallow, so that Shia power for the first time in the history of Iraq and the Kurdistan Regional Government's increased power. Kurdistan is the only region of Iraq before the ...
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The fall of Saddam in 2003, Iraq's government and political system in general, and it changed the country in crisis Chndsalhay swallow, so that Shia power for the first time in the history of Iraq and the Kurdistan Regional Government's increased power. Kurdistan is the only region of Iraq before the invasion of ISIS (2014) In some regions, it has no impact of unsafe environment, their programs and try to serve as a bit actor, within the region and the world the. This research using descriptive and analytical approach and use of the Internet and library resources to answer the question: what effect developments in Iraq's Kurdish independence process? The findings show that over the past few years, certain developments that occurred in Iraq, among them the fall of Saddam in 2004, Iraq has a constitution in 2005 and the rise of Islamic power in 2014 noted. This is the main cause of Kurdish independence, but to speed up the process of Kurdish independence, and the changing role of facilitator to hold. In this regard, it is predicted that the orientation of the developments in this case, there will be an independent Kurdistan.
