Original Article
Hadith Asemani
Abstract
China, as an economic power, pursues major strategic plans such as diversification of exports, the high-tech manufacturing, and developing trade routes around the world. Also, China recently has heavily invested in security and military strength to deal with terrorism, separatist movements, territorial ...
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China, as an economic power, pursues major strategic plans such as diversification of exports, the high-tech manufacturing, and developing trade routes around the world. Also, China recently has heavily invested in security and military strength to deal with terrorism, separatist movements, territorial disputes with East Asian neighbors, as well as securing trade routes and international corridors, especially those identified in the massive One Belt-One Road initiative. However, China seeks different kinds of international cooperation through milirary diplomacy to avoid a possible security dilemma. This research investigates the impact of China's military diplomacy on its foreign policy? This article seeks to examine China's military diplomacy and its role in the country's foreign policy. Findings show that military diplomacy will increase the country's ability to pursue national interest, develop its security environment, create a positive image, and expand operational geography.
Original Article
fariborz arghavani pirsalami; hossein alipour
Abstract
China’s economic diplomacy has significantly contributed to its recent economic growth. The country manages the opportunieis and challenges made by Nationalism and Globalization by economic diplomacy. China considerably works on regional cooperation in Central Asia. Taking a descriptive-analytical ...
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China’s economic diplomacy has significantly contributed to its recent economic growth. The country manages the opportunieis and challenges made by Nationalism and Globalization by economic diplomacy. China considerably works on regional cooperation in Central Asia. Taking a descriptive-analytical method and based on economic data, the current research investigates opportunities and challenges that China's economic diplomacy must deal with in Central Asia. The findings show that China's economic diplomacy in Central Asia enjoys economic opportunities such as regional energy capacities, consumer markets, foreign demand for Chinese investment. In addition, China plays a key role in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. On the other hand, the country encounters political challenges such as the presence of rival powers in Central Asia, chinophobia in the region and the fragile governments in its neighborhood.
Original Article
hossein asghari sani; Masoud Mousavi Shafaee; maryam borazjani
Abstract
Xinjiang Autonomous Region has been a complex puzzle for Chinese rulers throughout history and its people have been diverse in cultural, religious, and ethnic areas. In addition, geographical features and the existence of a border region challenge China's control on this area. Since 1949, the Uyghur ...
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Xinjiang Autonomous Region has been a complex puzzle for Chinese rulers throughout history and its people have been diverse in cultural, religious, and ethnic areas. In addition, geographical features and the existence of a border region challenge China's control on this area. Since 1949, the Uyghur separatists and the independence of East Turkestan as an internal problem. Since early 1990s, China has recognized the international aspects of this dilemma and has been forced to confront its consequences. The new policy affected China's relations with Turkey, which in addition to its historical, linguistic, religious and cultural ties with the Muslim Uighurs, was ideologically inspired by Uighur nationalism as well as a suitable place for Uyghur refugees.So the authors intend to investigate how the Xinjiang situation has affected China-Turkey relations. It seems that the quality and quantity of China-Turkey relations before the 1990s have been affected by the Xinjiang developments, and have been undermined, and the Xinjiang developments after the 1990s have been managed at the expense of the Uighurs by the economic, military and political relations between the two countries.
Original Article
Ali Bagheri Dolatabadi
Abstract
China has actively pursued health diplomacy in the post-Corona era. The current research investigates the goals, motives and functions of Chinese health diplomacy. China's motivation is politico-economic, its goal is soft power, and its function is economic-political advantages. This research follows ...
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China has actively pursued health diplomacy in the post-Corona era. The current research investigates the goals, motives and functions of Chinese health diplomacy. China's motivation is politico-economic, its goal is soft power, and its function is economic-political advantages. This research follows a qualitative method and analytical-explanatory approach. Research data was collected from the press and digital sources. The findings show that China's health diplomacy, unlike during the Cold War, is no longer influenced by ideology, and that the country pursues economic-political targets. Beijing has used health diplomacy to promote its soft power in the world over the past three decades, especially after the global coronavirus outbreak. The United States and Europe’s negligence of Africa’s medical needs has led China to expand its health diplomacy in most African countries. The African demand for provide preventive equipment during the coronavirus outbreak, as well as the provision of vaccines in 2021, created unique opportunities for Beijing.
Original Article
mahdiyeh heidari
Abstract
Abstract
With taking of power by Mohammed bin Salman in Saudi Arabia and rising of China as a great power, the development of foreign relations has become the focus of the two statets' foreign policy. So the main question is, what are the reasons for the expansion of these political, economic and cultural ...
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Abstract
With taking of power by Mohammed bin Salman in Saudi Arabia and rising of China as a great power, the development of foreign relations has become the focus of the two statets' foreign policy. So the main question is, what are the reasons for the expansion of these political, economic and cultural interactions between China and Saudi Arabia? The hypothetical hypothesis is that the expansion of Sino-Saudi interaction is due to three main reasons: first) China's guarantee of stable access to energy resources and diversification of its market share by Saudi Arabia, and second) competition and tension Regional and international, third) efforts to prevent the spread of extremist Islamism. Using Waltz's theory of realism, the findings show that Chinese leaders have sought to balance power in the face of US economic pressures by designing a one-way belt project and engaging Saudi interests with the project while accessing the country's energy. The United States has sought to strike a balance of power against Saudi Arabia's expansion of influence in the region, as well as to reduce tensions and pressure from the United States. The United States has been committed to Saudi Arabia by creating a new strategic ally at the regional and international levels. The method of data collection in this research is based on the library method and the research method is based on the descriptive-analytical method.
Original Article
Hossein Hossein Delavar; Mohsen Eslami; Seyed Masoud Mousavi Shafaee
Abstract
China actively participated in the BRICS initiative in recent years. China uses the BRICS membership to forge political-economic power and present its dissatisfaction with the distribution of power in international politics. This paper examines the process of China-led BRICS operation to redistribute ...
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China actively participated in the BRICS initiative in recent years. China uses the BRICS membership to forge political-economic power and present its dissatisfaction with the distribution of power in international politics. This paper examines the process of China-led BRICS operation to redistribute power under certain conditions. The authors use a historical method and descriptive-analytical approach based on library resources to investigate the roots and logic of China's strategy in initiatives such as the BRICS in a US-dominated world. The findings show that China has pursued a Grand-pattern of balancing at the domestic and foreign levels; therefore, active participation in initiatives such as BRICS represents an aspect of external balance of the Chinese grand pattern To redistribute power through a soft balance strategy. The authors further identify the major soft balancing tactics that China employs through the BRICS, including Economic diplomacy .
Original Article
farzad rostami; neda kahrizi
Abstract
The anarchic and self-serving structure of international politics leads to security and power-based competition and rivalry.The current rivalry between the United States and China can be examined in this context. The United States assesses China's presence in the Middle East and the growing Sino-Israeli ...
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The anarchic and self-serving structure of international politics leads to security and power-based competition and rivalry.The current rivalry between the United States and China can be examined in this context. The United States assesses China's presence in the Middle East and the growing Sino-Israeli interaction as a threat in the strategic region of the Middle East. The present study examines the US-China political competition in Israel. The Sino-Israeli increasing relations is remarkable from various dimensions. This article investigates the security implications of Chinese influence in Israel for the United States. The authors use a descriptive analytical approach and a library method to argue that the ncreasing Sino-Israeli relations will have security implications for the United States with technological, infrastructure, cyber and commercial dimensions. Using the theory of the security dilemma, the authors explain the dimensions of China's increasing involvement in the Middle East, with an emphasis on Israel, and its security implications for the United States. Consequently, several security implications are likely for the United States if the United States does not pay attention and the scope of tension between the two economic poles expands It will complicate the situation for the United States
Original Article
Afshin Shamiri; zeynab farhadi
Abstract
Over the past few decades, China has concentrated on numerous resources, especially new power resources, to complete its all-aspects power. This research investigates the different reason for China’s increasing participation in international institutions as well as creating new economic ...
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Over the past few decades, China has concentrated on numerous resources, especially new power resources, to complete its all-aspects power. This research investigates the different reason for China’s increasing participation in international institutions as well as creating new economic and financial institutions. Findings show that China has taken a non-aggressive and peaceful approach to participating in international institutions and in some cases creates regional and international institutions (such as Shanghai Cooperation Organization, BRICS, and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank) in order to change and strengthen its international position, and to change global security and economic arrangements. This approach, which stems from the dominance of the pragmatic approach in Chinese foreign policy, includes three stages of refusal, participation, and institutionalization in the international arena. The method of this research is a descriptive-analytical method.
Original Article
nozar shafiee
Abstract
descriptive-analytical hypothesis was that China seeks to expand its economic, political, and strategic influence in the region and the world to become a hegemonic power. Along the way, the country, through its Belt and Road initiative, especially lending to infrastructure projects called "public goods" ...
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descriptive-analytical hypothesis was that China seeks to expand its economic, political, and strategic influence in the region and the world to become a hegemonic power. Along the way, the country, through its Belt and Road initiative, especially lending to infrastructure projects called "public goods" to countries along its route, is trapping these countries in its circle and making them a platform for used its regional and global influence. This approach has created a negative perception of China in the eyes of international public opinion, and this has led China to move away from it instead of approaching the hegemonic position. The findings of the paper show that if countries have a negative perception of the public goods in the realm of international relations, the acquisition, maintenance, and promotion of the hegemonic position will be challenged.
Original Article
Amir Abbasi Khoshkar
Abstract
China's foreign policy dramatically changed in the post-Mao era as Mao's ideological approach was replaced by an ambition for economic development gaining a share of the world economy. In the meantime, China has resorted to multilateral organizations and institutions to make an impact on international ...
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China's foreign policy dramatically changed in the post-Mao era as Mao's ideological approach was replaced by an ambition for economic development gaining a share of the world economy. In the meantime, China has resorted to multilateral organizations and institutions to make an impact on international politics. The Chinese elite’s new strategic perception contributed to this shift. This article investigates the background based on which Chinese foreign policy shifted from ideological confrontation to participatory development as well as the role of multilateral organizations and institutions in this process. This research argues that multilateral organizations and institutions are very important in the post-Mao Chinese foreign participatory developmental policy. China's foreign policy will first move towards institutional participation and later towards institutional balancing
Original Article
mojgan ghorbani
Abstract
After the Cold War, One of the most important developments in China's foreign policy was Beijing's understanding to maintain friendly relations with neighboring countries. Good relations with neighbors have been established in order to provide a more favorable environment for domestic economic development ...
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After the Cold War, One of the most important developments in China's foreign policy was Beijing's understanding to maintain friendly relations with neighboring countries. Good relations with neighbors have been established in order to provide a more favorable environment for domestic economic development and then increase the country's wealth and power in world affairs. so China has developed an integrated regional policy called peripheral policy or neighborhood policy. The question is, what strategies has China adopted in its neighborhood policy, and what challenges does it face? it should be said that China's Neighborhood politics include good neighborly policy during the Deng Xiaoping era, neighbor policy as a partner during the Jiang Zemin era, good, secure and prosperous neighborhood policy during the Hu Jintao era and common society policy with common destiny during the Xi Jinping era. In fact, China is not the only rising power trying to shape its periphery through Ambitious foreign policy initiatives, but the European Union has done this before. The purpose of the article is to show China's leaders with the right understanding of the international system and changing their strategic thinking have adopted appropriate foreign policy and consequently good neighborly diplomacy, and have been able to provide a safe environment for their development Which leads to a new regional order.
Original Article
fatemeh mahrough
Abstract
The evolution of the 21st century international system towards a complex and chaotic system, due to the simultaneous global and regional transition of power between China and the United States, has made the seas more prominent in the process of order transition. Such a transition can be seen ...
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The evolution of the 21st century international system towards a complex and chaotic system, due to the simultaneous global and regional transition of power between China and the United States, has made the seas more prominent in the process of order transition. Such a transition can be seen in Indo-Pacific maritime tensions, especially in the South China Sea. Such a multi-level transition has brought new challenges to the traditional model of power transition theory and it’s necessary to adjust it within the framework of complex systems. This paper examines the role do seas and oceans play in the transition of power in complex international systems? The author argues that competition to dominate the seas and oceans can be the point of transferring systemic pressures to the branches of the regional order and changing its security architecture towards a new maritime-based security order. The paper, using the multi-level power transition theory, contributes to a better understanding of the dynamics surrounding maritime competition and contestation between China and the United States in the process of power transition from a systemic perspective. The research method is deductive-inductive based on inference and synthesis. In this regard, at first the principles and rules of transition in complex and chaotic systems are extracted, then by combining them, the bifurcation transition model and comprehensive network control system is presented.
