نوع مقاله : مقالات
نویسندگان
1 دانشیار گروه علوم سیاسی دانشگاه یاسوج
2 کارشناس ارشد علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه پیام نور قزوین
چکیده
طی یک دهه گذشته، اتحادیه اروپا با چالش های بیسابقه ای در جبهه های مختلف مانند بحران مالی، بحران مهاجرت، بحران سیاست خارجی(کریمه)، تجزیه و واگرایی (برگزیت) و بحران مشروعیت (پوپولیسم) روبرو بوده است. در این میان بحران پاندمی کرونا اگرچه در نگاه نخست بحرانی بهداشتی به نظر می‌رسد اما از تاثیرات ژئوپلیتیک آن نمیتوان چشم پوشید. پژوهش پیشرو می کوشد تا بر پایه مناظره نئو- نئو و روش آینده پژوهی (تکنیک سناریوپردازی)، به این پرسش اصلی پاسخ دهد که با توجه به معضلاتی که بحران کرونا در سطح جهانی پدید آورده است، چه سناریوهایی پیشروی اتحادیه اروپا قرار دارد؟ آیا این بحران باعث همگرایی بیشتر یا کمتر اروپا خواهد شد و یا آن را به مسیر متفاوتی رهنمون خواهد ساخت؟ در پاسخ به این سئوال، بر پایه روند رویدادها، اهداف بازیگران و بهره گیری از تکنیک «آشفتگی فکری»، پنج سناریو را در قالب سه دسته بندی میتوان مطرح نمود: الف) سناریوی مطلوب یا مرحج؛ تداوم همگرایی اتحادیه اروپا و حفظ قدرت بازیگری در سطح روابط بینالملل و یا تداوم همگرایی اتحادیه اروپا با رهبری آلمان؛ ب) سناریوی محتمل؛ تبدیل اتحادیه اروپا به کنفدراسیون منطقه ای و یا خروج ایتالیا از اتحادیه اروپا؛ ج) سناریوی ممکن؛ واگرایی و فروپاشی اتحادیه اروپا. یافته های پژوهش نشان میدهد که پیامدهای بحران «کووید 19»، اتحادیه اروپا را با مشکلات بیشماری روبرو کرده است به نحوی که این اتحادیه در مدیریت این بحران دچار ضعف‌هایی شده، از این رو قدرت بازیگری اتحادیه اروپا را در سطح داخلی و بین‌المللی به شدت تحت تاثیر قرار داده است.
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