Mohammadreza Bigdeli
Abstract
The British government decided to leave the European Union during a historic referendum known as Brexit after more than four decades. Therefore, the reasons for the departure of one of the most important and influential members of the European Union and the reason for the divergence in the largest and ...
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The British government decided to leave the European Union during a historic referendum known as Brexit after more than four decades. Therefore, the reasons for the departure of one of the most important and influential members of the European Union and the reason for the divergence in the largest and most successful example of regional convergence in history are investigated. International relations are very important. In the same way, the upcoming research to explain this emerging event seeks to answer the question, what factors caused Britain to leave the European Union? The present research, using the descriptive-analytical method and from the perspective of neo-realism, is based on the hypothesis that due to the transnational nature of the political and economic mechanism governing the European Union, Britain, due to the lack of trust resulting from the anarchy prevailing in the international system, in order to maintain its national sovereignty against interdependence and also obtaining maximum benefits in comparison of relative and absolute benefits, it left the European Union.According to the theoretical framework of the system-oriented research, Brexit is rooted in factors that are the result of mistrust resulting from the anarchic system. So that the United Kingdom, in order to maintain its national sovereignty against the interdependence resulting from the political and economic mechanism of the European Union, as well as the comparison of benefits In order to obtain maximum benefits, as a wise actor with a cost-benefit approach, he left the European Union. Based on the results obtained, Britain's exit from the European Union will increase economic growth and greater freedom of action for this country. has brought the international arena.
Ali Esmaeili; Mohammadali Shahryari; Mohammad Parsa
Abstract
Middle East; Complex regions, with an intertwined structure and the structure of the international system, which includes the security of the region as well as the foundation of international relations of states in the future. The aim, therefore, is to answer the question of what effect the polarization ...
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Middle East; Complex regions, with an intertwined structure and the structure of the international system, which includes the security of the region as well as the foundation of international relations of states in the future. The aim, therefore, is to answer the question of what effect the polarization developments in the international system between 1980 and 2021 have had on the conflicts and security of the Middle East? It can be said that the Middle East region is facing a pervasive and comprehensive insecurity due to the internal situation and the structure of the international system, so such regions can not, in terms of security, the impact of the international system on their orientations, policies and strategies. To prevent. In the current era of the international system, this influence on the Middle East sub-system has been very special. The findings of this study are based on the fact that with the disappearance of the bipolar system in 1991 and the emergence of the US-led unipolar system, the Middle East has experienced systemic turmoil, and the monopoly system (US) in 1991-2021 more than the bipolar system (America and the Soviet Union) In the years 1980-1991, he was influential in creating conflict and war in the Middle East. The expansion of the depth and scope of political, social, economic, and cultural instability in the Middle East is one of the consequences of such a situation. The research method is descriptive-analytical and using library resources.
Maryam Dorri Varnosfaderani; Ardeshir Sanaie; Alireza Soltani; kabak khabiri
Abstract
Moving toward space was largely the result of the competition of terrestrial superpowers for planetary hegemony. Moving toward space has created a new criterion for recognizing the promotion of power and allocation of credit in the global community. The exploration and space technologies of the two superpowers, ...
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Moving toward space was largely the result of the competition of terrestrial superpowers for planetary hegemony. Moving toward space has created a new criterion for recognizing the promotion of power and allocation of credit in the global community. The exploration and space technologies of the two superpowers, made the competition between them more intense. The launch of Sputnik 1 by the Soviet Union marked the beginning of the space race. Finally, the United States declared itself the winner of the space race by landing on the moon. But then not only did the rivalry between the two countries not end, but it also called on other countries, such as China, India, Japan and some European countries. From the beginning of the space age until now, military activities have been an important part of the goals of the powers. The main question is how space has played a role in intensifying competition between powers. The hypothesis of this article also believes that space has intensified competition between countries, especially space powers, by creating modern weapons and new conditions. From the point of view of neorealism, Space has become a new arena for intensifying competition between countries in the military field and gaining prestige.
Hamid Dorj; hadi ajili
Abstract
Iraq's developments are one of the most important issues of West Asia, which in the years after 2003 involved somehow all foreign actors and the role of the United States as an interventionist player in Western Asian regional developments. Washington views the developments in Iraq as an important factor ...
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Iraq's developments are one of the most important issues of West Asia, which in the years after 2003 involved somehow all foreign actors and the role of the United States as an interventionist player in Western Asian regional developments. Washington views the developments in Iraq as an important factor in redefining the regional order and has made the developments in its Middle East policy with the aim of achieving regional goals and interests. So the question is, what is the policy of the United States in its new strategy on the developments in Iraq? The research hypothesis is that the United States has adopted an aggressive and aggressive policy towards Iraq's developments in pursuit of its interests and objectives, such as reducing the regional influence of Iran and accessing Iraq's oil resources. Washington, by adopting such a policy, while securing the interests of the arms dealers, will launch on the pretext that the terrorists will not return to Iraq and to stabilize in the country to consolidate the presence and role of the United States in the future of Iraq.The research method is descriptive-analytic based on the theory of neorealism.
