Reza Rahmati
Abstract
European Integration Process have always been suspected in various countries of the Green Continent. Although Euroscepticism, which dates back to a period of suspicion, reluctance, and skepticism about these Processes, peaked and emerged with the election, the process of negative convergence with the ...
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European Integration Process have always been suspected in various countries of the Green Continent. Although Euroscepticism, which dates back to a period of suspicion, reluctance, and skepticism about these Processes, peaked and emerged with the election, the process of negative convergence with the EU and other arrangements in other societies and states also existed. Perhaps the most striking of these centrifugal tendencies can be traced to northern Europe and the Nordic region. The question that arises here is how the Eurosceptic flow in the Nordic basin is formulated. In response to the existence of Eurosceptic tendencies at the three levels of social system, political system and party system, in the Nordics in general and in Norway, Iceland, Sweden, Denmark and Finland, the formation of opposing currents towards the convergence process. Europe is being considered. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method and library type in terms of data collection.
alireza Samiee Esfahani; Sara Farahmand
Abstract
Abstract Over the past decade, the European Union has faced unprecedented challenges on various fronts, such as the financial crisis, the migration crisis, the foreign policy crisis (Crimea), the disintegration, and the populism crisis. Meanwhile, the Corona Pandemic Crisis, although seemingly a health ...
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Abstract Over the past decade, the European Union has faced unprecedented challenges on various fronts, such as the financial crisis, the migration crisis, the foreign policy crisis (Crimea), the disintegration, and the populism crisis. Meanwhile, the Corona Pandemic Crisis, although seemingly a health crisis at first glance, cannot be ignored for its geopolitical effects. The present study seeks to answer the main question based on the Neo-Neo debate and the future research method (scenario-making technique), what scenarios are ahead of the European Union in the face of the problems posed by the Corona crisis worldwide? Will this crisis lead to more or less European integration or will it lead in a different direction? In answer to this question, based on the course of events, the goals of the actors and the use of the technique of "Brainstorming", five scenarios can be proposed in the form of three categories: a) the Preferable scenario or the best; Continuing the EU's convergence and maintaining the power of acting at the level of international relations or the EU's continued convergence with the German leadership; B) Probable scenario; Transformation of the European Union into a regional confederation or the withdrawal of Italy from the European Union; C) Possible scenario; The divergence and collapse of the European Union. The findings show that the aftermath of the Quaid 19 crisis has left the EU with countless problems, with the EU failing to manage the crisis, thus undermining the EU's acting power. Internal and international levels are strongly affected.
Majid Mohammad Sharifi; Maryam Darabi-Manesh
Abstract
Security has been the most important issue in relations between Turkey and the European Union. Turkish leaders have always tried to link their own security concerns with those of the Union, trying to portray their country as net security provider to the EU. The European Union in its new security strategy ...
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Security has been the most important issue in relations between Turkey and the European Union. Turkish leaders have always tried to link their own security concerns with those of the Union, trying to portray their country as net security provider to the EU. The European Union in its new security strategy has tried to expand its security zone outside the EU, defining issues such as terrorism, weapons of mass destruction, regional conflicts, energy security and identity security as new threats. In order to meet such threats, Turkey has been considered as an important actor. In the beginning, the relationship was limited to military partnership, but in recent years, the European Union has tried to exploit Turkey’s non-military capabilities as well. The question that the persent paper wants to examine is: what are Turkey’s security capabilities to achieve permanent membership in the European Union? To answer this question, the authors examine the security concerns of the European Union, especially after the Cold War and September the 11th, as well as Turkey’s capabilities in response to such concerns.
Hadi Ajili; Jabbar Khoda-Doost
Abstract
The European Union with 28 member states is one of the largest economic unions in the world, however, the economic and financial crisis of recent years preceded by the housing crisis of 2008 in the US created many difficulties for it, and affected some of its member states, such as Ireland, Portugal, ...
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The European Union with 28 member states is one of the largest economic unions in the world, however, the economic and financial crisis of recent years preceded by the housing crisis of 2008 in the US created many difficulties for it, and affected some of its member states, such as Ireland, Portugal, Italy, Spain and particularly Greece. The counties’ huge amount of debt and the doubt about their capacity to repay it, the weak financial policies of some member states and the inability of the European Central Bank in implementing financial discipline among EU members have created the biggest crisis confronting the EU since 1957. Although the EU was able to contain the crisis in 2013, and the Union entered a new phase of economic boom, the crisis has not completely been resolved and it may erupt once again in the future. Hence the question arises as to what is the impact of the Euro crisis on the process of integration in the EU. The hypothesis of this research is that although the EU has been able to contain the Euro crisis and enter a new period of economic growth, the impact of the crisis has been extensive and affected the process of EU integration. In order to arrive at such conclusion, various issues such as devaluation of the Euro, widening of the class gap, escalation of social unrest, extremist nationalisms and anti-European sentiments, the collapse of some governments, the tendency towards disintegration, and the possibility of Britain leaving the EU are discussed.
