Yaser Esmailzadeh
Abstract
Today, the world is involved in complex issues and many dangers. The existence of increasing competition, diverse and conflicting cultures, power struggles and economic inequalities indicates that different actors have different goals and objectives. In fact, one of the main reasons for the growth and ...
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Today, the world is involved in complex issues and many dangers. The existence of increasing competition, diverse and conflicting cultures, power struggles and economic inequalities indicates that different actors have different goals and objectives. In fact, one of the main reasons for the growth and increasing activity of different terrorist groups can be seen as the lack of global coherence and convergence in counter-terrorism policies. This article seeks to explore the fundamental question of what is the rationale for global convergence in the fight against terrorism? This article believes that there is a strategic logic for convergence and international cooperation in the fight against terrorism, which can be seen from the approach of theories such as ancient Chinese wisdom, game theory and also in the theory of moving target and pursuing global counter-terrorism goals. Emphasizing the various strategic advantages of global convergence in the fight against terrorism, this paper seeks to conclude that countries need to reach a point of strategic understanding where mutual cooperation is a priority for mutual benefit. In other words, if there is no global convergence and cooperation to deal with terrorism, terrorism in the world will find an opportunity to attack more and create more dangers. Finally, the main solutions through which international security algorithms can improve the efficiency of advanced algorithms will be proposed.
Yaser Esmailzadeh
Abstract
Undoubtedly today terrorism is an important player in the international arena. A strategic look at the waves of terrorism in the world shows strong evidence for the emergence of a new wave of terrorism in the world. the present article seeks to answer the main question of what the fifth wave of terrorism ...
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Undoubtedly today terrorism is an important player in the international arena. A strategic look at the waves of terrorism in the world shows strong evidence for the emergence of a new wave of terrorism in the world. the present article seeks to answer the main question of what the fifth wave of terrorism will be in the region of West Asia and North Africa. Based on what has worked as terrorism in the region of West Asia and North Africa in the 21st century, "semi-state terrorism" seems to be the new wave of terrorism. A wave that controls parts of the territory of a weak state and maintains its rule there, as well as carrying out terrorist attacks against other countries. According to the global terrorism wave indices, in order to consider the fifth wave, the new terrorism phenomenon must be global, have the same driving force, and also be significantly different from the previous wave. It is obvious that semi-state terrorism, as a new wave of terrorism, is different from the fourth wave of religious terrorist groups. This aspect of terrorism prioritizes land control, participates in a wider range of government and governance activities (not just social services), seeks more power, and has takfiri ideologies. Finally, the article concludes that the phenomenon of semi-state terrorism has the potential to become a global wave if it continues to spread.
Mahmoud Reza Farsiani; hilda rezaeei; ahad bagherzadeh; mostafa noorollahi
Abstract
The relationship and interaction between Islamic Republic of Iran and Financial Action Task Force has had its ups and downs over more than a decade. Although it seems that the relationship between Iran and FATF is in its most complicated phase today, there are still hopes that some mutually-beneficial ...
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The relationship and interaction between Islamic Republic of Iran and Financial Action Task Force has had its ups and downs over more than a decade. Although it seems that the relationship between Iran and FATF is in its most complicated phase today, there are still hopes that some mutually-beneficial solutions can be reached for settlement of the disagreements based on international law. The present paper has tried to use different sources in order to demonstrate that on the one hand, there has been overstatements and exaggeration about risks involved in Iran’s compliance with FATF recommendations and Action Plan– such as risks in FIU information leakage, uncertainty about the next steps in the group’s Action Plans or pessimism about FATF decision making method (consensus); and on the other hand, solutions are available for more complicated issues - such as Iran’s entering into Palermo and CFT conventions - based on international law and Islamic jurisprudence.
hossain daheshiar; nozar nazari
Abstract
Utilizing the Copenhagen School as the theoretical framework and the concept of securitization as the research methodology then relying on the concept of "Speech_Act" as the analytical framework, this article specifically addresses the policy of securitizing the Islamic Republic of Iran and the verbal ...
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Utilizing the Copenhagen School as the theoretical framework and the concept of securitization as the research methodology then relying on the concept of "Speech_Act" as the analytical framework, this article specifically addresses the policy of securitizing the Islamic Republic of Iran and the verbal and practical aspects of this policy in the context of US foreign policy system in the post-9/11 period. According to Copenhagen, the definition of the identity of actor is a socially constructed and interdisciplinary matter. The concept of securitization is the central concept of Copenhagen's security theory, according to which in terms of sensitivity issues are divided into three categories: public issues, political issues, and security issues. According to this theory, the process of identity definition is first created with the verbal definition of the actors, and then, with the adoption of security policies, will be completed . What was the policy of the Bush administration and the Obama administration at the time of the presidency? What are the differences and similarities between the Bush's and Obama's policy toward Iran? What was the process of encountering the two presidents with the nuclear program of the Islamic Republic of Iran? The present research addresses these questions.
enayat allah yazdani; seyed saied hassanzadeh; mahnaz goodarzi
Abstract
Since the beginning of the Syrian crisis, the great powers have tried to play a role in it. Since the beginning of the Islamic Revolution, Iran has been a strategic ally of Syria. Iran has openly supported Bashar al-Assad government through financial and military aid. By the way, the political developments ...
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Since the beginning of the Syrian crisis, the great powers have tried to play a role in it. Since the beginning of the Islamic Revolution, Iran has been a strategic ally of Syria. Iran has openly supported Bashar al-Assad government through financial and military aid. By the way, the political developments in Syria and its country matters to the French government. France was the first country to recognize the coalition of Syrian opposition forces as the sole legitimate representative of the Syrian people. However, the 2015 Paris terrorist attack by ISIS convinced the French to alter their policy. Accordingly, France foreign policy towards Syria changed. This paper aims to study the foreign policy of Iran and France towards the Syrian crisis. The paper argues that Iranian foreign policy towards Syria is based on maintaining the status quo (the survival of Bashar al-Assad). Yet, France foreign policy towards these developments is a conservative offensive one in the form of convergence with the US.
Majid Mohammad Sharifi; Maryam Darabi-Manesh
Abstract
Security has been the most important issue in relations between Turkey and the European Union. Turkish leaders have always tried to link their own security concerns with those of the Union, trying to portray their country as net security provider to the EU. The European Union in its new security strategy ...
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Security has been the most important issue in relations between Turkey and the European Union. Turkish leaders have always tried to link their own security concerns with those of the Union, trying to portray their country as net security provider to the EU. The European Union in its new security strategy has tried to expand its security zone outside the EU, defining issues such as terrorism, weapons of mass destruction, regional conflicts, energy security and identity security as new threats. In order to meet such threats, Turkey has been considered as an important actor. In the beginning, the relationship was limited to military partnership, but in recent years, the European Union has tried to exploit Turkey’s non-military capabilities as well. The question that the persent paper wants to examine is: what are Turkey’s security capabilities to achieve permanent membership in the European Union? To answer this question, the authors examine the security concerns of the European Union, especially after the Cold War and September the 11th, as well as Turkey’s capabilities in response to such concerns.
