Mohamad Sadegh kooshki; Ahmad Ramezani
Abstract
Since the early 1990s, China has moved its energy supply to develop and expand cooperation with countries in the MENA region. The country also intensified its cooperation with the countries of the MENA region in 2004 by establishing the Arab-Chinese Cooperation Forum. China's economic presence in the ...
Read More
Since the early 1990s, China has moved its energy supply to develop and expand cooperation with countries in the MENA region. The country also intensified its cooperation with the countries of the MENA region in 2004 by establishing the Arab-Chinese Cooperation Forum. China's economic presence in the MENA region is growing. The main question of the article is how will the Chinese military-security presence in the MENA region increase? The paper hypothesizes that China's growing economic presence and investment require a military presence to secure it. Findings show that increasing China's interests in the MENA region (maintaining energy security, protecting half a million citizens and investment companies) will be the main reason for the increase in China's security-military presence and influence in the MENA region. By applying the theory of realism and descriptive-analytical method, the relevant issues will be tried and examined. The documentary method will also be the basis for collecting material in this article.
Ali Bagheri Dolatabadi; jafar Hanani
Abstract
Abstract
Ferdowsi's Shahnameh is a Persian literature masterpiece. While this book has generally been studied from literary and historical perspectives, little attention has been paid to its political aspects. The main question of the present research is that what International Relations theoretical ...
Read More
Abstract
Ferdowsi's Shahnameh is a Persian literature masterpiece. While this book has generally been studied from literary and historical perspectives, little attention has been paid to its political aspects. The main question of the present research is that what International Relations theoretical approaches Ferdowsi’s vision is closer to? Can Ferdowsi be considered a political realist or an idealist? For this purpose, we attempt to assess Ferdowsi's thoughts taking advantage of the most important features of the two Realist and Idealist theories through a comparative method. The findings of the research show that while Ferdowsi is close to constructivist theory in terms of meta-theory, in his theoretical debates he must be considered a realist. This point is especially apparent in Ferdowsi's interpretations of human nature, war, power and security. It is worth Noting that his realism is not similar to Hobbes and Waltz, and is somewhat like "Idealist Realism".
sirous Mohebi; Saeede Sadat Ahmadi
Abstract
Abstract
International organizations have provided states with new opportunities to conduct foreign policy in the past hundred years. The League of Nations, established after WWI, was the first public international organization. This study emphasizes on the importance of this organization in the midst ...
Read More
Abstract
International organizations have provided states with new opportunities to conduct foreign policy in the past hundred years. The League of Nations, established after WWI, was the first public international organization. This study emphasizes on the importance of this organization in the midst of two World Wars and measures the success and failure of Iranian diplomats at the League of Nations at securing Iran’s national interest. To answer this question, this study reviews the words and deeds of Iranian diplomats at the League of Nations. The creation of this organization is explained using the realist and idealist methods. Finally, we conclude that Iranian diplomats failed to effectively secure Iran’s national interest at the League of Nations because their understanding of international politics was different from reality.
ali mohammadian; alireza Rezaei
Abstract
Diplomacy and negotiation between governmental and non- governmental units have been always underway domestically, regionally and globally, dating back to the human history. Such concepts as diplomacy, diplomat and negotiation have been extensively employed in the literature on international relations. ...
Read More
Diplomacy and negotiation between governmental and non- governmental units have been always underway domestically, regionally and globally, dating back to the human history. Such concepts as diplomacy, diplomat and negotiation have been extensively employed in the literature on international relations. They, recurrently, represent the relationship between two or more states or even several non-governmental actors. The central question, therefore, is how the changing concept of diplomacy related to the theories of international relations (IR). This study addresses the changes in diplomacy in IR. For this purpose, the changes in this concept from the mid-15th up until the 21st are reviewed. The main thrust here is to draw upon these conceptual changes with reference to the theories of realism, liberalism and constructivism. The findings indicate that it is possible to analyze the changes in terms of the theories via considering diplomacy in three different periods including traditional, unconventional and reciprocal (in this study). It should, however, be borne in mind that these three theories are not, on their own, able to explain the totality and full range of the changing concept of diplomacy.
Majid Abbasi; Vahid Mohammadi
Abstract
When the Tunisian Revolution triggered the domino of the collapse Arab leaders, it was not anticipated to reach to Syria creating a deep conflict with local, regional and trans-regional dimensions. However, when the protests speared to Syria, various players try to exploit it to their own advantage, ...
Read More
When the Tunisian Revolution triggered the domino of the collapse Arab leaders, it was not anticipated to reach to Syria creating a deep conflict with local, regional and trans-regional dimensions. However, when the protests speared to Syria, various players try to exploit it to their own advantage, and an all-out conflict began. Due to Syria's geopolitical location, regional powers such as Iran, Turkey, Saudi Arabia and trans-regional powers like the US and Russia became involved in the crisis, competing with each other. Considering the nature of the relationship and interdependency between the security of the Islamic Republic of Iran and that of Syria, the question arises as to what are the interests of regional and trans-regional powers in Syria and what will be the impact of their rivalry on Iran’s security? As an answer to the first question, it is argued that behavioural patterns formed by the anarchic structure of the international system has been the cause of the Syrian conflict, as attempts at pursuit of survival and power have led to the conflict of interests and a change in the balance of power. In order to evaluate the consequences of the fall of Assad, Barry Buzan’s concept of existential thereats has been used, as it is argued that such an event would have negative impacts on Iran’s strategic depth, and counts as an existential thereat to it. Using Patrick M. Morgan’s levels of analysis, Kenneth Waltz’s logic of limited number of powers, and the realist theory’s statism, the behaviors of four powerful players in the conflict (the US and Saudi Arabia as the opponents of the status quo and Russia and Iran as its advocates) are analysed.
