hojat naderi; ali amiri; mehdi shahin
Abstract
The Iran-Iraq war, which Tooke place at one of the most critical moments in history, during the Cold War, provoked various reactions from political actors, especially the neighbors of the two countries and the Arab countries. Given the importance and geopolitical conditions of Syria for the warring parties, ...
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The Iran-Iraq war, which Tooke place at one of the most critical moments in history, during the Cold War, provoked various reactions from political actors, especially the neighbors of the two countries and the Arab countries. Given the importance and geopolitical conditions of Syria for the warring parties, its position in this war has been geopolitically explained as the research issue of this study. For this research, data were collected using the library method. Data analysis is descriptive-analytical methods based on analysis tools adapted from geopolitical science. The findings of the study indicate that Syria, although it has always had tacit support for Iran since the Islamic Revolution, but different geopolitical conditions, especially the field conditions of the war have led to three different types of behavior during the war. The different stances of each period have provided special geopolitical opportunities and challenges for the warring parties and Syria itself, thus affecting the geopolitical balance of the war by creating different geopolitical consequences. Syria Not only did not take a stand solely on the basis of its ideological commonalities during the ideological period of Cold War, but it also took full advantage of the geo-economic opportunities of the war. On the other hand, Syria's deep support for Iran in the second phase of the war led to the formation of the axis of resistance centered on the Islamic Republic of Iran, which is one of the most important pillars of maintaining Bashar al-Assad's power in Syria today.
ARASH REISINEZHAD
Abstract
With the rise of China and its stable economic growth in the new millennium, the New Silk Road has caught eyes and thoughts as the most significant international initiative. Indeed, One Belt One Road is the most ambitious megaproject, expressing China's will and capacity for external power projection. ...
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With the rise of China and its stable economic growth in the new millennium, the New Silk Road has caught eyes and thoughts as the most significant international initiative. Indeed, One Belt One Road is the most ambitious megaproject, expressing China's will and capacity for external power projection. In the contemporary world, there are rare projects with a huge ramification for the transformation of international security and power arrangement within Iran's periphery, particularly Central Asia. Within this context, the New Silk Road is an exceptional grand-strategy, affecting geopolitics of Central Asia, in particular, and Greater Eurasia, in general. Central Asia has been geographically and historically the center of gravity of the Silk Road, controlling roads from China to Iran and the Middle East, as well as South Asia and Southern Russia. From this point of view, the present article shows the significance of Central Asia, Xinxiang and Afghanistan with a huge ramification in shaping trends of the new Silk Road.
seyed mostafa hashemi; Abdoreza Faraji rad; Rahim Sarvar
Abstract
Abstract
Geopolitical codes are the map of stable and variable geographical factors that arise from the geography of a given country and influence its foreign policy. Identification of the geopolitical viewpoints via decoding the geopolitical codes of neighboring countries as well as distinguishing ...
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Abstract
Geopolitical codes are the map of stable and variable geographical factors that arise from the geography of a given country and influence its foreign policy. Identification of the geopolitical viewpoints via decoding the geopolitical codes of neighboring countries as well as distinguishing the geopolitical codes of the target countries could play an effective role in the approach of a country to the issue of foreign policy in line with its geopolitical weight. Considering the extensive civilization, historical, cultural and ethnic commonalities of Iran and Iraq combined with influence of regional and trans-regional powers in Iraq, identification and studying of Iraq’s geopolitical codes is essential to the orientation of Iran’s foreign policy. For this, the authors have attempted to study and analyze the geopolitical factors influencing Iran-Iraq relations via employing a descriptive-analytical methodology while emphasizing the analysis of available geopolitical codes of Iran-Iraq political geography.
Mohsen Khalili
Abstract
Conduct and orientation of states in their foreign policy are affected by geopolitical constant and variable factors. The authors of the present paper try to study the impact of variable factors on determining the Islamic Republic of Iran’s foreign policy in the 1979-2005 period, on the basis of ...
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Conduct and orientation of states in their foreign policy are affected by geopolitical constant and variable factors. The authors of the present paper try to study the impact of variable factors on determining the Islamic Republic of Iran’s foreign policy in the 1979-2005 period, on the basis of Holsti’s trilogy on foreign policy (orientations, national roles and goals). Exploiting the concept of national power derived from geopolitics, they also attempt to explain why different discourses have been dominant in Iran’s foreign policy in various periods. It seems that determining variable factors justify changes in the foreign policy of post-revolutionary Iran.
