hossein asghari sani; Masoud Mousavi Shafaee; maryam borazjani
Abstract
Xinjiang Autonomous Region has been a complex puzzle for Chinese rulers throughout history and its people have been diverse in cultural, religious, and ethnic areas. In addition, geographical features and the existence of a border region challenge China's control on this area. Since 1949, the Uyghur ...
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Xinjiang Autonomous Region has been a complex puzzle for Chinese rulers throughout history and its people have been diverse in cultural, religious, and ethnic areas. In addition, geographical features and the existence of a border region challenge China's control on this area. Since 1949, the Uyghur separatists and the independence of East Turkestan as an internal problem. Since early 1990s, China has recognized the international aspects of this dilemma and has been forced to confront its consequences. The new policy affected China's relations with Turkey, which in addition to its historical, linguistic, religious and cultural ties with the Muslim Uighurs, was ideologically inspired by Uighur nationalism as well as a suitable place for Uyghur refugees.So the authors intend to investigate how the Xinjiang situation has affected China-Turkey relations. It seems that the quality and quantity of China-Turkey relations before the 1990s have been affected by the Xinjiang developments, and have been undermined, and the Xinjiang developments after the 1990s have been managed at the expense of the Uighurs by the economic, military and political relations between the two countries.
hossein Asghari Sani; mohsen khalili; mohsen eslami; Masoud Mousavi Shafaee
Abstract
The promotion of peace as a national identity is the most prominent feature of Norway's post-Cold War foreign policy. The reputation of the Norwegian peace model in the international system, despite its geopolitical constraints, is the topic of this paper. The authors use the nation-building theoretical ...
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The promotion of peace as a national identity is the most prominent feature of Norway's post-Cold War foreign policy. The reputation of the Norwegian peace model in the international system, despite its geopolitical constraints, is the topic of this paper. The authors use the nation-building theoretical framework to show how peace diplomacy has become the branding of Norwegian foreign policy despite significant and influential actors. Qualitative data analysis was based on historical and causal explanations. The text suggests that the Norwegian global branding results from focusing resources on the cultural-historical benefits of peacebuilding/ Peacekeeping.
