zanire Nasri; mokhtar Zibaee; Masoud AKHAVAN KAZEMI
Abstract
Through policies and strategies in various dimensions (political, military, economic, cultural and social), Israel seeks to attract new allies in different parts of the world, including in Africa. In this regard, the African Union has recently accepted Israel as an observer member of the union. Accordingly, ...
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Through policies and strategies in various dimensions (political, military, economic, cultural and social), Israel seeks to attract new allies in different parts of the world, including in Africa. In this regard, the African Union has recently accepted Israel as an observer member of the union. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to analyze the dimensions and objectives of Israel's presence and influence in Africa. The present study uses a descriptive-analytical method to answer the question, what are the dimensions and goals of Israel's presence in Africa? The findings of this study show that due to the prevailing policy of Alliance of the periphery doctrine and its shaping factors in Israel, and enjoying the geopolitical, geo-economic and geostrategic advantages of African countries and having great economic, security and military potentials, as well as taking into account the pragmatic political and economic considerations of African countries, Israel seeks to expand its relations with these countries and increase its presence on the African continent, with goals such as enhancing its international legitimacy and political prestige, undermining the anti-Israel unity of the Arab-Islamic countries, downplaying the Palestinian question, responding to a shift in US regional policy, and increasing its security and as well as achieving its strategic confrontation with Iran and its allies (promotion of water security and population security) and economic exploitation.
Hamid Shamsiyanfard; Mohammad Abolfathi; Masoud Akhavan Kazemi
Abstract
Abstract
One of the important issues at present is the spread of religious conflicts that have affected the society and politics of different countries. The purpose of the article is to understand the roots of the conflict of Muslims and Hindus over the city of Ayodhya. The main question of the article ...
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Abstract
One of the important issues at present is the spread of religious conflicts that have affected the society and politics of different countries. The purpose of the article is to understand the roots of the conflict of Muslims and Hindus over the city of Ayodhya. The main question of the article is why there has been a conflict between Muslims and Hindus over this city? Ayodhya is an old city in the north of India. Hindus believe the city is the birthplace of Rama. In Hinduism, Rama is an avatar (embodiment) of the Hindu god called Vishnu. Hindus say that Babur the king of Gurkani destroyed the temple of Rama to build the Babri Masjid. From the middle of the nineteenth century to the present, a conflict between Muslims and Hindus took place to control Ayodhya. In 1992, this conflict led to the demolition of the Babri Masjid by an angry mob of Hindus. In this article, the role of perception of threat, the interaction between religious leaders and political officials, and social and material power resources have been examined in the conflict of Muslims and Hindus. The process tracing method has been used which explains the conflict based on causal narrative. The method of data analysis is qualitative explanatory method. The literature review shows the innovation of this research. The conclusions show that the three suggested hypotheses are important factors that explain the conflict of Muslims and Hindus over this city.
ghodrat ahmadian; masoud akhavan kazemi; samira akbari
Abstract
The beginning of public protests in Arab countries in the Middle East and North Africa, which is also called Arab Spring, caused a wave of instability over this region. Therefore, in the light of recent developments in the Middle East, the Kurdish issue was also considered as one of the variables which ...
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The beginning of public protests in Arab countries in the Middle East and North Africa, which is also called Arab Spring, caused a wave of instability over this region. Therefore, in the light of recent developments in the Middle East, the Kurdish issue was also considered as one of the variables which could effect on regional relations. The present paper seeks to investigate the effects of the Arab Spring developments on the Iraq's Kurdistan region. The paper suggested that developments in the Middle East region (after Arab spring) will strengthen the status of the Kurdish region in Iraq and increasing their awareness and demands in the form of independence. In fact, developments in the Middle East and the Arab Spring have created an appropriate opportunity for different minorities, including the Kurds, and have made this ethnical group politically influential community in the region. One of the obvious examples of this upgrade was the announcement of the date for holding the referendum on the independence of the Iraqi Kurdistan on September 25, 2017. Among all over the history, Kurds have always been forgotten people but nowadays there is a new universal attitude towards this people. The method used in this paper is descriptive-analytic and theoretical framework is also the effectiveness theory in macro level (developments in the Arab Spring in the regional system) on the identification of the political transformation of the micro actor with emphasis on the David Singer's opinions.
