Elham sabagh; mahnaz goodarzi
Abstract
Several decades have passed since the collapse of the Soviet Union, and relations with the countries separated from the former Soviet Union were placed on the agenda of Iran's foreign policy apparatus from the day after the collapse. Iran made several efforts to expand strategic relations with independent ...
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Several decades have passed since the collapse of the Soviet Union, and relations with the countries separated from the former Soviet Union were placed on the agenda of Iran's foreign policy apparatus from the day after the collapse. Iran made several efforts to expand strategic relations with independent political units; Efforts, most of which are defined in the form of official diplomacy. This is while the multifaceted nature of diplomatic relations has caused changes in the levels of diplomacy and political relations. From a paradiplomatic point of view, small and sub-national identities independent of central governments can play a role in the international arena. Based on this assumption, the question of this article is: "What are the strengths and weaknesses of diplomatic relations between Iran and Turkmenistan, and how does paradiplomacy help to improve and promote these relations?" In response to this research, this hypothesis is proposed that "the major damage to diplomatic relations between Tehran and Ashgabat is the exclusive focus on official diplomacy between the two countries and the neglect of new aspects in diplomatic relations, including para-diplomacy, which can be the weak points of official relations in political axes. reduce economic, cultural and social issues and improve relations between the two countries by focusing on various tools in various fields of diplomacy." Since this research is made to compare two units, the method of using it is comparative.--
