Keyvan Afsharian; reza simbar; Mehdi Hedayati Shahidani
Abstract
IntroductionThe Caspian Sea region due to the presence of huge energy reserves and being located at the point of connection between the two continents of Asia and Europe; It becomes more important day by day. The interests of the Islamic Republic of Iran, which is one of the important members of this ...
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IntroductionThe Caspian Sea region due to the presence of huge energy reserves and being located at the point of connection between the two continents of Asia and Europe; It becomes more important day by day. The interests of the Islamic Republic of Iran, which is one of the important members of this new region, are highly dependent on the pattern governing the region and its security issues.MethodologyBy using the literature of modern regionalism and the framework of regional security complexes and a two-step exploratory hybrid research method, the indicators of this theory are first evaluated in the studied region and then using the concept of dependence. Security interdependence, in two dimensions of security conflict (negative aspect of security interdependence) and security cooperation (positive aspect of security interdependence), issues for developing research tools (questionnaire) are counted. Then, in the quantitative stage of the research, the questionnaires are evaluated by a statistical sample of 49 experts in this field.ConclusionAny military cooperation of regional countries with extra-regional powers can lead the region to a security conflict. it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that the pursuit of these issues by the newly independent countries is usually the result of the implementation of extensive exercises and the creation of new bases by the Russian Federation in the Caspian Sea region. Therefore, it can be said that if this increasing trend continues in the coming years, the movement of the Caspian Sea region towards controversial patterns is inevitable.
reza simbar; Abdollah Khavari
Abstract
The Deobandi school , one of the major cerebral - religious schools in southeast Asia , has a significant impact on the performance and beliefs of religious fundamentalists , especially in Afghanistan . The Taliban who were graduates of this school were founded by the influence of many of their principals ...
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The Deobandi school , one of the major cerebral - religious schools in southeast Asia , has a significant impact on the performance and beliefs of religious fundamentalists , especially in Afghanistan . The Taliban who were graduates of this school were founded by the influence of many of their principals and rules . the Afghan occupation of Afghanistan by the soviet union and large migration of Afghans to Pakistan , considering both the tribal and the language of some of the refugees ( Pashtuns ) with scholars of the school , led them to become religious seminaries and convert to religious seminary students who were taught by the Deobandi madrassa . With the support of the Pakistani government and the relocation of these people between the two countries of Afghanistan and Pakistan , soon the doctrine of the school between the Taliban has expanded . In this research , we seek to answer this question that where is the political and religious thought of the Taliban ? The main hypothesis of the study is that the Taliban group , following the Deobandi school 's teachings , established many of their principles and rules during the period 1996 - 2001 . To evaluate the research hypothesis , the authors used Diffusion of innovations theory , which is one of the valid theories to evaluate and measure how each type of intellectual or physical innovation is developed . This research is descriptive - analytical and library method is used for collecting .
Ziaodin Osmani; niakoee niakoee; reza simbar
Abstract
The security crisis in Afghanistan decreased between 2001-2008 due to the fall of the Taliban regime and the role of the United States and NATO in that country. However, violence, casualties, terrorist attacks, the activities of terrorist groups and warlords, feelings of insecurity among ordinary citizens ...
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The security crisis in Afghanistan decreased between 2001-2008 due to the fall of the Taliban regime and the role of the United States and NATO in that country. However, violence, casualties, terrorist attacks, the activities of terrorist groups and warlords, feelings of insecurity among ordinary citizens and political elites, as well as the instability of Afghanistan's institutions and political system, have increased since 2008. Simultaneously, the role of regional actors in supporting non-governmental and local groups have expanded over time. This article seeks to answer the question of what factors contributed to the spread of insecurity and security crises in Afghanistan from since 2008? To answer this question, security theories and in particular the approaches of Barry Buzan, Mohammad Ayoob, and Richard Little have been used. The findings illustrate that differences in the idea of government influenced by ethnicity and religion, fragmented society, declining government legitimacy, terrorist groups and warlords and the relationship of these factors with the security environment in which more powerful states such as Pakistan are playing have expanded Afghanistan's security challenges since 2008.
Mehdi Zibaei; Reza Simbar; Ahmed Jansiz
Abstract
Abstract
Following the Arab Uprisings, the concept of the Middle East order refers to the post-uprising system. Meanwhile, there are various sub-national and super-national factors are involved and each of which must be individually analyzed. The physical presence and regional policies of the international ...
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Abstract
Following the Arab Uprisings, the concept of the Middle East order refers to the post-uprising system. Meanwhile, there are various sub-national and super-national factors are involved and each of which must be individually analyzed. The physical presence and regional policies of the international great powers such as the US, Russia and the EU significantly affect the new system. These actors prevent any indigenous regional system from taking shape. Despite the plural aspects of the Middle East system within the mentioned era, the present research only aims to explain the impact of the behavior of the US, Russia and the EU towards the Arab Uprisings and its aftermath on the regional order. So, the hypothesis is that changing in the post-Arab uprisings era is affected by diverse factors (state-society complex, Ideological conflicts, regional rivalries and implication of international setting) and in this context the key powers are effective parts in this premise. Thus, this essay tries to bring the political behaviors of United States, Russia, and the European Union towards Arab uprisings and its implications under scrutiny through the international layer of the Historical Sociology of International Relations (HSIR) as the current article theoretical framework.
Mehdi Zibaei; Reza Simbar; Ahmed Jansiz
Abstract
The main body of academic literature on Historical Sociology of International Relations (HSIR) is divided into two parts. The first part is produced by the scholars who are trying to enrich this theory as an eclectic approach. The second part relies on the researchers who are seeking to provide a meaningful ...
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The main body of academic literature on Historical Sociology of International Relations (HSIR) is divided into two parts. The first part is produced by the scholars who are trying to enrich this theory as an eclectic approach. The second part relies on the researchers who are seeking to provide a meaningful interpretation of political incidents by connecting the interior and exterior levels of analysis and making the role of international setting inflated. The international system as a phenomenon that stems from the social relations, in this context, is affected by the striking variables that are based on both internal and international milieus. This research paper intends to go beyond the mainstream approach in IR which relies on level of analyses such as power, security, economics, identity, and so forth by drafting an especial theoretical approach in order to explain the international system in the HSIR context. The authors, furthermore, believe that the international system is a social phenomenon that includes a wide variety of relations from the sub-national level to the international tendencies.
