zanire Nasri; mokhtar Zibaee; Masoud AKHAVAN KAZEMI
Abstract
Through policies and strategies in various dimensions (political, military, economic, cultural and social), Israel seeks to attract new allies in different parts of the world, including in Africa. In this regard, the African Union has recently accepted Israel as an observer member of the union. Accordingly, ...
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Through policies and strategies in various dimensions (political, military, economic, cultural and social), Israel seeks to attract new allies in different parts of the world, including in Africa. In this regard, the African Union has recently accepted Israel as an observer member of the union. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to analyze the dimensions and objectives of Israel's presence and influence in Africa. The present study uses a descriptive-analytical method to answer the question, what are the dimensions and goals of Israel's presence in Africa? The findings of this study show that due to the prevailing policy of Alliance of the periphery doctrine and its shaping factors in Israel, and enjoying the geopolitical, geo-economic and geostrategic advantages of African countries and having great economic, security and military potentials, as well as taking into account the pragmatic political and economic considerations of African countries, Israel seeks to expand its relations with these countries and increase its presence on the African continent, with goals such as enhancing its international legitimacy and political prestige, undermining the anti-Israel unity of the Arab-Islamic countries, downplaying the Palestinian question, responding to a shift in US regional policy, and increasing its security and as well as achieving its strategic confrontation with Iran and its allies (promotion of water security and population security) and economic exploitation.
Ali Esmaeili; Mohammadali Shahryari; Mohammad Parsa
Abstract
Middle East; Complex regions, with an intertwined structure and the structure of the international system, which includes the security of the region as well as the foundation of international relations of states in the future. The aim, therefore, is to answer the question of what effect the polarization ...
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Middle East; Complex regions, with an intertwined structure and the structure of the international system, which includes the security of the region as well as the foundation of international relations of states in the future. The aim, therefore, is to answer the question of what effect the polarization developments in the international system between 1980 and 2021 have had on the conflicts and security of the Middle East? It can be said that the Middle East region is facing a pervasive and comprehensive insecurity due to the internal situation and the structure of the international system, so such regions can not, in terms of security, the impact of the international system on their orientations, policies and strategies. To prevent. In the current era of the international system, this influence on the Middle East sub-system has been very special. The findings of this study are based on the fact that with the disappearance of the bipolar system in 1991 and the emergence of the US-led unipolar system, the Middle East has experienced systemic turmoil, and the monopoly system (US) in 1991-2021 more than the bipolar system (America and the Soviet Union) In the years 1980-1991, he was influential in creating conflict and war in the Middle East. The expansion of the depth and scope of political, social, economic, and cultural instability in the Middle East is one of the consequences of such a situation. The research method is descriptive-analytical and using library resources.
Mohamad Sadegh kooshki; Ahmad Ramezani
Abstract
Since the early 1990s, China has moved its energy supply to develop and expand cooperation with countries in the MENA region. The country also intensified its cooperation with the countries of the MENA region in 2004 by establishing the Arab-Chinese Cooperation Forum. China's economic presence in the ...
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Since the early 1990s, China has moved its energy supply to develop and expand cooperation with countries in the MENA region. The country also intensified its cooperation with the countries of the MENA region in 2004 by establishing the Arab-Chinese Cooperation Forum. China's economic presence in the MENA region is growing. The main question of the article is how will the Chinese military-security presence in the MENA region increase? The paper hypothesizes that China's growing economic presence and investment require a military presence to secure it. Findings show that increasing China's interests in the MENA region (maintaining energy security, protecting half a million citizens and investment companies) will be the main reason for the increase in China's security-military presence and influence in the MENA region. By applying the theory of realism and descriptive-analytical method, the relevant issues will be tried and examined. The documentary method will also be the basis for collecting material in this article.
Rohallah Pirbalaei; Nasser Khorshidi
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of information and communication technology on the United Nations in three areas: nature, structure and function. The main question is: what impact has information technology had on these three levels in the United Nations? At the level of ...
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The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of information and communication technology on the United Nations in three areas: nature, structure and function. The main question is: what impact has information technology had on these three levels in the United Nations? At the level of nature, there has not been a significant change, but fundamental concepts the goals and principles of this organization, such as sovereignty and security, have been transformed in terms of scope. the structure of the United Nations has reacted to the digital age by holding the World Summit on the Information Society and the creation of some subsidiary bodies in within some of the main organs such as the Human Rights Council. the most effective work has been done in the organization; so that by placing new subject areas such as "rooting out poverty and shared responsibility", Develompent and Human Security on the agenda of the United Nations, it has changed the previous state-oriented approaches and even in some cases,it has changed the way of decision making. the research method is descriptive- analytic, and for gathering the its required data has used from library resources and reputable Internet sites.
farzad rostami; zahra zangene
Abstract
Managing regional crises requires the formation of cooperation and intgration between countries in the region. Solving environmental crises is one of the issues that is no exception. Obviously, in the absence of regional convergence, managing this crisis will face a real challenge. The environmental ...
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Managing regional crises requires the formation of cooperation and intgration between countries in the region. Solving environmental crises is one of the issues that is no exception. Obviously, in the absence of regional convergence, managing this crisis will face a real challenge. The environmental crisis, in particular the crisis of the microstats, which has been a serious challenge to the Middle East region in recent years, calls for regional cooperation. But contrary to expectations, countries in the region have not been willing to form a cooperative regime. In this research, the barriers to the formation of this convergence have been investigated. The question is, what are the barriers to the establishment of an environmental cooperation regime in the Middle East? The thesis hypothesis is that managing environmental crises requires a set of factors such as consensus, multilateral diplomacy and international regimes, in the current Middle East region, the existence of crises and political conflicts, including the occupation of Iraq, the developments of 2011 Its implications as well as hydropolitan disputes between countries in the region have created unfavorable conditions for the management of environmental crises, including the problem of waterfalls. In this thesis, the analytical-descriptive method has been used.
yaser esmaizladeh emamqoli; saeed tajari
Abstract
Abstract
Cosmopolitanism is a body of thinking and practice committed to building a more just and sustainable international order, but it has never been systematically applied to the question or practice of security. This article argues that international threats as well as abusing of the security notion ...
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Abstract
Cosmopolitanism is a body of thinking and practice committed to building a more just and sustainable international order, but it has never been systematically applied to the question or practice of security. This article argues that international threats as well as abusing of the security notion to cause insecurity pave way for a compelling normative and empirical case for a new security paradigm: security cosmopolitanism. Security cosmopolitanism is theorized to criticize and reform both national and collective security policies and processes through developing norms and ends, redefining their ontological foundations, and generating guiding ethical principles. It contributes to understanding of global security as a universal good by which the security of all states and all human beings is of equal weight, causal chains and processes spread widely across space and through time, and security actors are committed to consider the global impact of their choices.
Majid Mohammad Sharifi; Maryam Darabi-Manesh
Abstract
Security has been the most important issue in relations between Turkey and the European Union. Turkish leaders have always tried to link their own security concerns with those of the Union, trying to portray their country as net security provider to the EU. The European Union in its new security strategy ...
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Security has been the most important issue in relations between Turkey and the European Union. Turkish leaders have always tried to link their own security concerns with those of the Union, trying to portray their country as net security provider to the EU. The European Union in its new security strategy has tried to expand its security zone outside the EU, defining issues such as terrorism, weapons of mass destruction, regional conflicts, energy security and identity security as new threats. In order to meet such threats, Turkey has been considered as an important actor. In the beginning, the relationship was limited to military partnership, but in recent years, the European Union has tried to exploit Turkey’s non-military capabilities as well. The question that the persent paper wants to examine is: what are Turkey’s security capabilities to achieve permanent membership in the European Union? To answer this question, the authors examine the security concerns of the European Union, especially after the Cold War and September the 11th, as well as Turkey’s capabilities in response to such concerns.
Enayatollah Yazdani; mojtaba badakhshan
Abstract
Afghanistan as The Largest producer of drug in the world, After the events of September 11, 2001, and attack of international forces following the resolution of The UN, has been increasingly important in international politics. The range of effects from illigal drug trade in Afghanistan and the countries ...
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Afghanistan as The Largest producer of drug in the world, After the events of September 11, 2001, and attack of international forces following the resolution of The UN, has been increasingly important in international politics. The range of effects from illigal drug trade in Afghanistan and the countries on the way of transition and Trafficking target market, has caused special attention paid to Afghanistan drug in security studies. This survey poses this question that What is the effect of production and drug trade on Afghanistan security? The Article claimes that production and trade of drug has direct and indirect effect on Afghanistan Security. Due to geopolitical, economic, political and cultural factors in Afghanistan, The production and drug trade decreases directly the ability of man power in health and social scope and increases the number of addiction and related diseases. Also this trade indirectly by strengthening ethnic – religious groups and creates grounds of financial independence for this group causes damage in process of forming sustainable relationships among groups and subsequently formation of national identity in this country.
